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Question 1

What is human resource management?

Answer 1

the effective management of the formal relationship between the employer and the employees

Question 2

What is the Human Resources manager?

Answer 2

• coordinates all the activities involved in acquiring, developing, maintaining and terminating employees from a business
• take responsibility to ensure that the business is getting the best out of its employees
• motivated employees are more likely to work hard

Question 3

Definition of motivation

Answer 3

• the willingness of a person to expand energy and effort in doing a job or task
• motivation is what drives a person to apply individual effort over a substantial period of time
• individual employees respond differently to various motivation techniques

Question 4

What do high rates of motivation lead to?

Answer 4

results in increasing rates of productivity

Question 5

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 5

• hierarchy of five human needs
• Maslow stated that the lower would be a motivator until it was satisfied
• once the level is satisfied employee will move to the next level
• suggests that businesses have to create work places that attempt to satisfy all the needs of employees

Question 6

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: list the 5 need - bottom to top

Answer 6

1. physiological: basic pay and conditions
2. safety and security: job security and safe workplace
3. love and belongingness: strong relationships
4. self esteem: recognition and responsibility
5. self actualisation: achieving full potential

Question 7

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: lower order needs

Answer 7

• more extrinsic motivators

- includes psychological and safety

Question 8

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: higher order needs

Answer 8

• more intrinsic motivators

- belongingness , esteem and self actualisation

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: how do managers use this theory?

Answer 9

• implement strategies to satisfy the level employees are on
• physiological: basic wage, good employment conditions
• safety and security: exceeding OH&S laws, job security
• love and belongingness: social gatherings, open work spaces
• self esteem: promotion, recognition and rewards
• self actualisation: challenging work

Question 10

What is the goal setting theory (Locke and Latham)?

Answer 10

• Locke and Latham found that goals can lead to motivation

- identifies five principles that should be applied when setting goals

Question 11

Goal setting theory (Locke and Latham): what are the 5 principles?

Answer 11

• specific
• challenging
• commitment
• feedback
• task complexity

Question 12

Goal setting theory (Locke and Latham): principle - specific

Answer 12

specific so information is clear, allowing less room for error and individual interruption

Question 13

Goal setting theory (Locke and Latham): principle - challenging

Answer 13

challenging as people exert more effort and try harder to obtain difficult goals

Question 14

Goal setting theory (Locke and Latham): principle - commitment

Answer 14

must be commitment on part of the employee, a goal in which the employee has had some input is more likely serve as motivation

Question 15

Goal setting theory (Locke and Latham): principle - feedback

Answer 15

feedback provides opportunities to recognise progress achieved, to make adjustments to goal if necessary and to ensure expectations are clear and realistic

Question 16

Goal setting theory (Locke and Latham): principle - task complexity

Answer 16

goals should be challenging enough to motivate employees but not overwhelm them

Question 17

What is the four drive theory (Lawrence and Nohria)

Answer 17

found that there are four key drives fundamental to all human behaviour

Question 18

Four drive theory (Lawrence and Nohria): what are the four drives?

Answer 18

• drive to acquire
• drive to bond
• drive to learn
• drive to defend

Question 19

Four drive theory (Lawrence and Nohria): drive to acquire

Answer 19

• desire to own material goods
• encompasses the desire for status, power and influence
• based on ideas that people are ambitious which drives them to achieve

Question 20

Four drive theory (Lawrence and Nohria): drive to bond

Answer 20

includes the strong need to form relationships with other individuals and groups

Question 21

Four drive theory (Lawrence and Nohria): drive to learn

Answer 21

• desire to satisfy our curiosity
• to learn new skills
• explore the world around us

Question 22

Four drive theory (Lawrence and Nohria): drive to defend

Answer 22

• desire to remove threats to our safety and security
• protect what we regard to as ‘ours’
• can relate to job security where employee looks to fight for their position

Question 23

What are motivation strategies?

Answer 23

strategies the business uses to motivate employees towards business objectives

Question 24

Motivation strategies: performance related pay

Answer 24

• financial reward where work the required standard or even above standard
• 4 features

Question 25

Motivation strategies: performance related pay - 4 features

Answer 25

1. individual employees performance is reviewed against or agreed objectives or performance standards 2. employees are then sorted, acts to determine what the reward will be 3. method of reward varies, usually cash or wage increase 4. extrinsic motivator

Question 26

Motivation strategies: performance related pay comes from?

Answer 26

- pay increase - bonuses - commissions - share plans

Question 27

Motivation strategies: performance related pay advantages

Answer 27

- provides direct financial reward - can improve productivity levels - tangible way of recognising achievement - encourages goal not to be too hard

Question 28

Motivation strategies: performance related pay disadvantages

Answer 28

- reduced equality in employees pay - generates a 'performance' culture - difficult to measure productivity levels in some jobs - danger of sacrificing safety and quality in order to increase quantity

Question 29

Motivation strategies: performance related pay short term motivator

Answer 29

possibility of more money motivating employees the short-term to work harder to achieve set standards

Question 30

Motivation strategies: career advancement

Answer 30

where an employee is given the opportunity to take on greater responsibility within the business

Question 31

Motivation strategies: career advancement benefits to the employee

Answer 31

- increased pay - better self esteem - status - challenge and experience to employee

Question 32

Motivation strategies: career advancement advantages

Answer 32

- helps business to retain talented employees - employees are rewarded for their past performances - business knows the values, skills and potential of the employees they are promoting

Question 33

Motivation strategies: career advancement disadvantages

Answer 33

- may cause resentment from those over looked for promotion - lack of outside perspective brought into the business - may create rivalries - difficult to promote all employees

Question 34

Motivation strategies: career advancement short-term motivation

Answer 34

employees strive to take on the increased responsibility

Question 35

Motivation strategies: career advancement long-term motivation

Answer 35

employees may see the position they want to be in and set out a career path

Question 36

Motivation strategies: investment in training

Answer 36

- employee learns and improves their skills so they can perform their job at a higher level - improved skills can motivate employees astray are able to perform their work to a higher standard - learning new things helps motivate employees

Question 37

Motivation strategies: investment in training advantages

Answer 37

- shows the employees the business values them - can give a sense of job security to employees - helps build a strong learning culture

Question 38

Motivation strategies: investment in training disadvantages

Answer 38

- often expensive - no guarantee the employees will stay with the business - training may be wasted if there aren't sufficient jobs with higher skill level required

Question 39

Motivation strategies: investment in training long-term motivation for employees

Answer 39

an ongoing investment in training can lead to a learning environment

Question 40

Motivation strategies: support

Answer 40

- individual assistance and services | - designed to help employees cope with problems that may negatively impact their lives or work performance

Question 41

Motivation strategies: support advantages

Answer 41

- can improve mental wellbeing of employees - builds a strong culture - can be a long term motivator

Question 42

Motivation strategies: support disadvantages

Answer 42

- needs a positive culture to work effectively

Question 43

Motivation strategies: support short-term motivator

Answer 43

helping employees complete tasks or helps them through a difficult time

Question 44

Motivation strategies: support long-term motivator

Answer 44

creates an environment where employee feels they belong

Question 45

motivation strategies: sanction

Answer 45

- penalties imposed on an employee for poor performance or disobedience - based on fear for the employees - other employees may dear sanctions

Question 46

motivation strategies: sanction advantages

Answer 46

- some employees respond to sanction - positive renforcement for employees that always do the right thing - may bring other employees inline with the policy through fear of sanction

Question 47

motivation strategies: sanction disadvantages

Answer 47

- normally only a short term motivator - can cause resentment from employees - can cause disputes and union involvement