Get Ahead Medicine Flashcards
Schistomiasis
Comon in Middle east and parts of Africa
Granulomas forming around eggs of schistosomes in urinary tract can obstruct urinary tree
Actinic keratosis
Flat lesion
Small mildy erythematous patch with keratotic hypertrophy
Leukotriene receptor antagonists in management of acute asthma
No
Psoriasis 5 characteristic patterns
Distak interphalangeal arthritis Symmetrical polyarthritis Asymmetrical oligoarthritis Spondyloarthropathy Arthritis mutilans (severe destructive arthropathy mainly affecting the hands)
Ezcema vs psoriasis location
Ezcema more commonly localised to flexures
Psoriatic plaques more typically localised to extensor surfaces
Psoriasis annual changes
Worse in winter months as it responds well to sunlight
MRI findings of MS
Periventricular white matter lesions not necessarily matching the clinical picture
Causes of LBBB
Aortic stenosis
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Chronic HTN
Extensive CAD without MI
Blood test results Legionella pneumophila
Hyponatramia
Abnormal LFT (elevated liver enzymes, hypoalbuniamaia)
Elevated Creatinine kinase
BPPV pathophysiology
Debris blocking normal flow of endolymph in labyrinth
Only happens when head moves
Hallpike manouvere
Reveals nystagmus when pts head is tilted back whilst they face one side and not other
Treatment of BPPV
Epley manouvere
Wegener granulomatosis
Systemic vasculitis that involves small and medium vessels
TRIAD:
Upper & lower resp tract involvement
Pauci immune glomerulonephritis
pANCA
Diagnosis of malaria
3 thick & thin blood films on consecutive days
Hepatomegaly with smooth margin
Viral hep Biliary tract obstruction Hepatic vein thrombosis (budd-chiari syndrome) Right heart failure Myeloproliferative disease
Hepatomegaly with craggy border
Hepatic metastatic disease
Polycystic disease
Blood vessel supplying SAN, AVN, Right ventricle and inferior part of left ventricle
Right CA
Blood vessel supplying LV and Inter-ventricualr septum
LAD
N. gonorrhoea shape
Gram -vs cocci
N. meningitidis shape
Gram -ve cocci
E.coli
Salmonella
H.influennzae
H. pylori
SHAPE
Gram-ve rods
C.diff
Listeria
SHAPE
Granm +ve rods
Staphylococci
Streptococci
SHAPE
Gram +ve cocci
Signs of mitral stenosis
Bifid P-wave
Diastolic opening snap heart sound
Mid-diastolic murmur
Peripheral cyanosis
DOuble impulse apex beat
HoCM
Bell’s Plasy treatment
Steroids, antiviral therapy and eye protection
Forehead not spared meaning…
LMN;
Imunoglobulin light chains in blood
Multiple myeloma
Diagnosis of multiple myeloma
2/3 of the following:
1) Marrow plasmcytosis
2) Serum/urinary Ig-light chains (Bence-Jones protein)
3) Skeletal lesions
Indication for commencing HAART in HIV
CD4 < 200 cells/mm^3
Most common cause of acute confusion in elderly pt
Chest/urinary tract infeciton
Conditions associated with HLA-B27
IBD
Psoriasis
Uveitis
Scleritis
Inflammation of sclera
Causes of non-pitting oedema
Lymphoedema
Pretibial myodema
Gold standard Ix for GCA
Temporal artery biopsy
Management of hypercalcaemia steps
Check pts U+Es BD
IV bisphosphonate (causes bone reabsorption)
Start loop diuretics
Rehydrate with IV saline
Clinical features of thalassaemia major
Failure to thrive (insufficient weight gain)
lethargy
Pallor
Jaundice
Hepatosplenomegaly
Bossing of the skull
Maxillary prominence
Long bone deformity
Osteophytes at DIP joints
Heberden nodes
Osteoarthritis
Osteophytes at PIP joints
Bouchard nodes
Osteoarthritis
Trigger finger
Psoriatic arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Aphthous ulcers
Common idiopathic benign condition
Small, grey, shallow ulcers that dissapear spontaneously
Incidence rises dramatically with IBD
Impetigo
contagious, superficial infection caused most commonly by Staphylococcus aureus. The infection spreads when lesions burst to release an exudate, which spreads the bacteria outwards and leaves behind the crust.
Torsades de pointes causes
TCA Amiodarone Long QT syndrome Malnutrition Anti-arrhythmics
Blast cells
ALL
Hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia in pt with postural hypotension
Possible primary adrenal insufficiency
SBP
Pts with ascites are at risk of developing SBP
Most common organisms are E.coli and Kleb. Spp
Diagnosis of sarcoidosis
Biopsy and histoly showing non-caseating granulomas
Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis on LP
Oligoclonal bands on electrophoresis
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Sudden onset ascites with tender hepatomegaly in absence of jaundice should hold high degree of suspicion
Budd-Chiari syndrome aetiology
Effects of hepatic vein outflow obstruction, caused by thrombosis or malignancy
RFs: Malignancy Thrombophilias Trauma OCP
B12 deficiency Sx
Macrocytic anaemia
Glossitis
Peripheral neuropathy
