Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam book questions > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

NSTEMI vs STEMI

A

NSTEMI indicates ischaemia and STEMI indicates infarction.

STEMI requires urgent PCR, whereas NSTEMI is PCR within 48 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anterior Heart

A

V1-2

LAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Septal Heart

A

V3-4

LAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lateral Heart

A

V5-6

Left circumflex artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anterolateral heart

A

V1-6

Left main stem disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inferior heart

A

II, III, aVF

Posterior descending branch of RCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

First sign of pulmonary oedema

A

Bibasal crepitation, as more fluid accumulates pleural effusion is seen on chest x-ray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Key signs of Right Heart Failure

A

Raised JVP

Bilateral pedal oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Murmur heard loudest on inspiration

A

Right-sided valve lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anatomical landmark for aortic valve

A

Right 2nd intercostal space midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Best way to hear mitral valve pathology

A

Patient to be in left lateral position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Corrigans signs indications

A

Hyperdynamic circulation associated with AR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Narrow Pulse pressure indications

A

Aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indiciations for CHAD2 score

A

Predicting risk of subsequent stroke as a result of AF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs of ischaemia on ECG

A

Inverted T waves and ST depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Signs of infarction on ECG

A

ST elevation, Q waves and raised troponin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pulmonary embolism primary Sxs

A

SoB
Pleuretic chest pain
Hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Clinical signs of PE

A

Pleural rub
Coarse Crackles
AF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Geneva scoring system

A

Used for predicting AF risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hyper-resonance with lung auscultation

A

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse

A

Barlow syndrome, click murmur syndrome.

Mid systolic click, followed by late systolic murmur is heard at apex as thickened mitral valve leaflet is displaced into LA during systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Austin Flint Murmur

A

low pitched, mid-diastolic rumble at the apex

mitral valve displacement as well as aortic turbulence due to regurgitation qualifies as an Austin Flint murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus sound

A

Constant machinery murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Graham Steel murmur

A

Hear best at left sternal edge, 2nd intercostal space during inspiration

High pitched early diastolic murmur associated with pulmonary HTN

25
Q

Carey Coombs murmur

A

Short, mid distolic rumble heard best at apex, due to turbulent blood flow over thickened mitral valve, often due to rheumatic fever

26
Q

Aortic dissection pain

A

severe, tearing pain that radiates toward the back though this can be to the jaw depending on the location of the dissection.

27
Q

MI pain description

A

severe, crushing chest pain with an acute onset

28
Q

Sustained VT

A

Cannon a waves on JVP and broad QRS complexes

29
Q

JVP wave forms

A

a wave – representing atrial systole;

c wave – representing closure of the tricuspid valve (this wave is not
usually visible);

x descent – representing a fall in atrial pressure during ventricular systole;

v wave – representing atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve;

y descent – representing the opening of the tricuspid valve

30
Q

Raised JVP seen means…

A

Fluid overload and RHF

31
Q

Features seen in CXR with congestive cardiac failure

A

Cardiomegaly
Bilateral pleural effusions
Alveolar oedema
Kerley B lines (represent interstitial oedema)

32
Q

First degree heart block on ECG

A

PR > 0.2s

33
Q

Shortened PR interval

A

Fast AV conduction ie Wolff-Parikinson-White Syndrome

34
Q

Mid-diastolic murmur (±opening snap, representing a mobile valve)

A

Mitral stenosis

35
Q

Pan-systolic murmur

A

Mitral Regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitaiton and ventricular septal defects

36
Q

Cough seen in HTN patients

A

ACEi cause dry cough

If this happens, start pts on ARB

37
Q

Increasing SoB in previous 6 months
Bried periods of central chest pain

O/E BP 115/85
Few rales at both bases

ECG - borderline criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy.

A

Aortic stenosis

38
Q

Aortic stenosis murmur

A

Crescendo systolic murmur heard best at R sternal edge

39
Q

Mitral stenosis murmur

A

Mid-diastolic murmur best heard at the apex with opening snap and loud P2

40
Q

Aortic regurg murmur

A

Decrescendo Diastolic murmur best heard at the left sternal edge

41
Q

Mitral regurg murmur

A

Pan-systolic murmur best heard at the apex

42
Q

Tricuspid regurg murmur

A

Pan-systolic murmur best heard at the left sternal edge

43
Q

Dressler’s syndrome

A

Autoimmune pericarditis

44
Q

Rapid BP lowering needed, what drug to give

A

Sodium nitroprusside

45
Q

Large vs Small ventricular septal defects

A

Large ventricular septal defects (VSDs) may indeed be associated with pulmonary hypertension , heart failure and shunt reversal, but a small defect is unlikely to lead to these problems.

VSDs not associated with dysrhythmias

ENDOCARDITIS is persistent hazards

46
Q

A 61-year-old man presents with a 2-hour history of moderately severe retrosternal
chest pain, which does not radiate and is not affected by respiration or posture. He
complains of general malaise and nausea, but has not vomited. His ECG shows ST
segment depression and T wave inversion in the inferior leads.

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome - unstable angina as no evident of tissue damage

47
Q

A 46-year-old man develops sudden severe central chest pain after lifting heavy
cases while moving house. The pain radiates to the back and both shoulders but not
to either arm. His BP is 155/90 mmHg, pulse rate is 92 beats per minute and the ECG
is normal. He is distressed and sweaty, but not nauseated.

A

Aortic dissection

48
Q

Aortic dissection management plan

A

If confirmed, BP reduction and dampening of the aortic systolic wave by beta-blockade is indicated and urgent surgical intervention should be considered.

49
Q

Aortic regurg signs

A

Wide Pulse pressure
Decrescendo diastolic murmur
Collapsing pulse

50
Q

Treatment of SVT

A

DC cardioversion and IV adenosine

51
Q

What is SVT associated with

A

SVT is common in young people and may be associated with excessive nicotine, caffeine and alcohol

52
Q

Variant angina

A

Variant angina, sometimes called Prinzmetal’s angina (E), of which this is a typical presentation. Its mechanism is controversial and even its existence has been questioned. The general view is that it is due to vasospasm in small coronary arteries and this is likely to respond to the effects of nitrates and calcium channel blockers such as verapamil. Beta-blockers are not effective and in theory could make it worse by aggravating vasoconstriction, but whether this actually happens is also controversial.

53
Q

A previously fit 19-year-old man presents with unusual shortness of breath on
exertion. At times, this is also associated with central chest pain. On examination
there is a loud mid-systolic murmur at the left sternal edge. Heart rate and blood
pressure are normal and there is no oedema. The ECG shows left axis deviation and
the voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy and the echocardiogram reveals
a significant thickened interventricular septum, with delayed ventricular filling
during diastole. There is a family history of sudden death below the age of 50.

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

54
Q

Treatment for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

A

Beta blockers first
Then rate limiting Ca2+ blockers
These 2 slow heart and improve disastolic relaxation

55
Q

What are 3rd heart sounds and 4th heart sounds associated with?

A

Heart failure

56
Q

Sign with constrictive pericarditis

A

Kussmaul’s sign - increased JVP upon inspiration

57
Q

Digoxin toxicity

A

Yellow-tinged vision (xanthopsia)

Slow pulse, with probably ectopics

58
Q

Most common cause of AF in young person

A

Thyrotoxicosis

Exam book questions (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions