Gero Test 1 Flashcards
Biological Theories of Aging
- Genetic
- damage (free radicals cross linkage)
- Gradual Imbalance
Predictors of Successful Aging
- Genetics
- health and social services
- lifestyle choices and behaviors
- psychological attributes
- life events
- socioeconomic status
- physical and social environment
- culture and gender
Psychological Theories
Heirchy of needs (self actualization, transendence)
- psychological stages
- selective optimization with compensation
Psychological determanints
- intelligence
- cognative capacity
- self efficacy
- self esteem
- personal control
- coping style
- resillience
Sociological Theories
- activity
- continuity (involved in groups)
- social/physical environment ( group ex social group with social support)
Physical Activity
- major determinent of success
- fitness vs premature death (body/mind)
- spirit (aestetic experiences)
Physical Activity and Cognitive Function
-memory, attention, learning, goal setting, decision meeting, problem solving
-fit>unfit (=age)
-calcombe and kramer
executive controll tasks, controled procesing, visuospatial, sped, most improvement with executive control tasks
Strategies for PA promotion
-dissemination (newsletter)
-collaboration
-address barriers
-community based
maintain communication
CV chagnes
- wall thickening (BV, left ventricle)
- stiffness (aorta, arteries inc perif resis = inc BP)
- increased size left atrium
- Inc BP
- inc TPR MAP
- Hypertension
- dec baroflexor response
Neuroendocrine
- PNS slows down (ACH decHR)
- SNS (norepineph inc HR)
- dec sensitive to catecholamines (lower HRmax slower CV adaptations)
- Long Warm UP and Cool Downs
CV Function
- HR
- Stroke volume (lowersw/age)
- CO (Q=SVxR)
- Arteriovenous O2 diff
- blood distrib
- VO2 max lowers 10% decade
FICK equation
VO2=QxO2 diff a-v
CVD
- Coronary heart disease
- Stroke (hemoragic/ischematic. Cerebral/peripheral. paralysis/hemiplegia)
- HTN
- Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PCTA)
CV Risk Factors
- smilking
- Htn
- chol
- inactivity
- obesity
- diabetes
- genes
- gender
- age
PA and CV function
- lower resting BP,HR,Q,TPR
- strengthens resp musc
- enhance O2 difusion, oxidation
- inc BV
Respiratory changes
Decreased -alveolar SA -small airways -elastic recoil Increased -physiological dead space -large airways -chest wall stiffness -work to breathe
Lung Funcion
- Tidal volume reg rest breath
- inspiratory reserve volume
- expiratory reserve volume
- residucal volume
Measures
-forced vital capacity FVC
-forced expiratory volume FEV1
FEV;FVC ratio
-peak flow meter
Respiratory diseases
- asthma (obstruction, inflammation, reactivity
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
- bronchitis
- emphysema
- symptoms
PA and Lung function
- prevent declines
- yoga tia chi (deep diaphrag breathing, inc elasticity)
- water ex
Adaptations for CVPA
- longer warm up and cool down
- rpe
- lower intensities
- intermittent
- avoid temp extremes
Musculoskeletal
- sarcopenia/dynapenia
- peak 20s/30s
- dynamic loss>static loss
- upper loss>lower loss
- dec # of fibers, size type2, contract qual
- inc 2b fib, ct, fat
- less MU
- less capilary BF
Neuromuscular syatem
-inc 1rm 28-152%
changes in muscle power
-dec 6-11% per decade
Changes in bone density
- 1%loss/yr 30-50
- 2-3% yr post menopause
- calcium reg hormones dec osteoclast activity
osteoporosis
- bmd <-2.5 SD
- factors smoking alcoholism EDs meds
EX with osteoporosis
-wt bearing
-resist (progress slow, low wt)
-circuit intervals
-support
AVOID
-painzones wrist hands
-no ext spine flex/ext
Diabetic neuropathy
- balance hot/cold cut/blister/infec
- limit wt bear, foot care
Neurological Function
- fluid inelligence insuff O2, dec NTsyn, cereb metab
- main crystallized intelligence
PA and Cognitive Function
1Cerebral blood flow -lower BP, chol, blood clots, incr metab 2neuronal groth/survival 3neural efficiency -all need for independence
Changes in sensory and motor function
DECREASED -proprioception -foot sensation -vestibular function -Slowed RT INCREASED -falls, postural instability
Changes in Vision
-visual acuit
-peripheral vision
-glare
-dark
depth
-contrast
Changes in Hearing
- acuity
- localization of sound
- mask extraneous sounds
- echoing
- tinnitus
Neuroligical Conditions
Parkinsons
-gait shuffle, protec from falls w/ex
Alzheimers
-balance, dementia, ex consistent w/patient
Meds
antidepressents/tranquilizers -inc hr dec bp nicotine -inc hr bp thyroid -inc hr bp alcohol -chron inc bp caffeine -dep on sens
pre exercise and health screening
- identifies cliens at risk
- current health and pa status
- appropriate tests
- programing info
contraindicaions
- relative or absolute
- chest pain
- short of breath
- dizzy/fainting
- ankle swelling
- fast/irregular hr
- intermittent claudication (leg pain)
- heart murmer
- undue fatigue
risk factors for CVD CAD
- sudden cardiac death w/ex
- above 45
- fam history
- smoke
- htn
- dyslipidemia ad cholest
- diabetes
- obesity
- sedentary
Screening steps
1 informed consent 2parq 3physician consent 4health history activity questionnaire 5 feedback and confidentiality
informed consent
- communication
- information and consent
- description
- voluntary
- confidentiality
- med coverage
- contact info
- compreshension
- legal obligation
parq
sympt
- cad
- musculoskel
- limitations
- walkins
- phys consent
desc. endosement/denial
health history and activity questionarre
-identify contraindications, risks, limitations
-additional info
ex activities, abilities, pref
risk of med emergencies/falls
-facilitates dev of program
Feedback and Confidentiality
-share
-avd tech terms
-positive
-private
add screening tools
-bp
-bmi
-waist to hip
-waist circumference
Lab based physiological assessments
- CRF
- Musc strength
- body comp
- balance
CRF test
- det independence, BADL ADL
- ex presc/assessments
- indep level- risk and baseline
Direct CRF test
- vo2 max is more accurate
- more money
- more risk
indirect CRF test
- submax vo2
- less accurate
- less money
- less risk
- 75% hr max
CRF equiptment
treadmill -functional cycle ergometer -bp, work rate, upright/recumb arm ergometer -low/noambulation -nustep
Balance
-proprioception
-neuromuscula control
Measures
-static
-dynamic
-reactive postural control
-sensory integration/organization
Force plate, balance trainer
