Germany under the rule of the Nazis Flashcards
1934 - 1945
When did the Night of the Long Knives happen?
30 June 1934
Who wanted to overthrow Hitler in 1934?
Ernst Rohm - SA leader
What did the SA want now Hitler was Chancellor?
Well paid jobs as a reward of loyalty
What was Rohm’s aims with the army and SA?
Have them join forces
What were the events of the Night of the Long Knives?
- The SA members met at 7am near Munich
- Just before 7am Hitler arrested Rohm and other leaders
- By 10am the SS were rounding up SA leaders in Berlin
- Over the following days hundreds were assassinated
Name all 3 impacts of the Night of the Long Knives
- Many of Hitler’s followers who were regarded as a threat were now dead
- The SS and Gestapo had now established the basis of a police estate
- Hitler had now established murder as what the Nazi government did.
Name 4 ways in which Hitler solved unemployment?
Stopped paying reparations
Wage + Price control
Rearmament
Government unemployment
How did stopping paying reparations solve unemployment?
Money saved from not paying was used to fund new jobs
How did wage and price control solve unemployment?
- Banning of trade unions kept wages down
- Rich industries became richer - supporting Hitler
How did Rearmament solve unemployment?
When Hitler started rearmament in 1936 he created more jobs in army and weapon factories
How did Government spending solve unemployment?
- Created jobs by spending money
- Created motorways to speed up transport
- Made huge building: Olympic Stadium
What did Hitler not include when sharing the unemployment figures?
Jews and women
What was the National Labour Service?
It was for men aged 18 - 25 and they had to spend 6 months there. They planted forests, mended hedges and dug drainage ditches on farms. They had to wear uniform and live on camps.
What were the public work schemes?
in June 1933 the Nazis began building motorways further creating 100,000 jobs. The building of schools and hospitals also did the same.
What was the economy like under Schacht?
Realised Hitler’s plans needed lots of raw materials, Schacht signed deals with many countries for raw materials. However, production wasn’t fast enough and Germany was dependant on other countries. Schacht was sacked.
What was the economy like under Goering?
Goering devised the 4 year plan, the aim was to increase military production so Nazis created large amounts of jobs in steel factories. Although some targets were reached others weren’t.
What is a self-sufficient nation?
A country where it relies on its own resources and land to produce food and materials
What was the new subject in German schools?
Eugenics - Race studies
–> children learned how superior the Aryan race was
What did German children learn about in History?
Great German war victories and how poorly Germany were treated after WW1
Who were shamed in German schools?
jews and people of colour
What did Hitler set up for children in Germany?
Hitler Youth
When did the Hitler youth meet?
After school and camps were set up
What was the girls Hitler youth known as?
League of German Girls
What did the boys learn in Hitler Youth?
March, Hunt, Fight, Shoot a gun, keeping healthy
What did the girls learn in Hitler Youth?
March, how to cook, take care of children for motherhood
What were women in Nazi Germany encouraged to do?
Have children
What did a woman get if she had 8+ children?
Gold Cross
What were women not allowed to do in Nazi Germany?
- smoking
- wearing trousers and high heels
Had the policies for an increase in BR worked?
1933 - 970,000 babies born
1939 - 1,413,000 babies born
What happened to women in 1939 when war broke out?
Forced to work in factories as men had gone to war
What race was seen as superior in Nazi Germay?
Aryan race
Why did some Christians support the Nazis?
(3 reasons)
- Nazis said they believed in the importance of marriage, family and moral values
- Christians were scared of the communists and Hitler promised to destroy the threat
- Hitler promised to respect the Catholic church
Name all the resistence groups to the Nazis? (6)
Jazz Swing Youth
White Rose Group
Edelweiss Pirates and Navajos
Protestant and Catholic Church
Kreisau Circle
Beck Goerdeler Group
What did the Jazz Swing Youth do?
Listened to Jazz and had Jewish friends
What did the White Rose Group do?
Persuade Germans to get rid of Hitler, put out anti Nazi leaflets, posters and graffiti
Who were the White Rose group led by?
Hanz and Sophie Scholl - killed
What did the Edelweiss Pirates and Navajos do?
Beat up Nazi officials and helped army deserters, sabotaging railway and spying giving info to other countries
What did the Protestant and Catholic Church do?
In 1941 spoke out of the killing of physically and mentally disabled people
What did the Kreisau circle do?
Army officers and uni professors discussed assassination of Hitler
What did the Beck Goerdeler Group do?
Took part in the July Bomb plot in 1934 attempted Hitlers life but only burst his ear drums and burned his hair
