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History -- Germany 1890 - 1945 > Germany and the Growth of Democracy > Flashcards

Germany and the Growth of Democracy Flashcards

1890 - 1929

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1
Q

Who came to power in 1890 in Germany?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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2
Q

What were the Kaiser’s aims?

A

Be a strong leader and build a strong navy and army.
Industrialise Germany

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3
Q

What deformity did the Kaiser have?

A

Had a withered left arm

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4
Q

Who was the Kaiser related to at the time?

A

George V
Tsar Nicholas II

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5
Q

What did the Kaiser envy about Britain?

A

He envied the navy and wanted one for himself

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6
Q

What ‘race’ did the Kaiser start?

A

Naval arms race

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7
Q

What did the Kaiser start to build Germany?

A

Industrialisation

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8
Q

What started in 1914 and last 4 years?

A

World War 1

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9
Q

Who declared war on each other on
Aug 1st, 3rd and 4th?

A

Aug 1st - Russia v Germany
Aug 3rd - France v Germany
Aug 4th - Britain v Germany (Because of Belgium)

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10
Q

What did the Kaiser do in 1918?

A

Abdicated - gave up the thrown

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11
Q

Who took the Kaiser’s place?

A

Friedrich Ebert leader of SPD party

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12
Q

When did WW1 end?

A

11 Nov 1918

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13
Q

What type of government would Germany become?

A

Democratic

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14
Q

What was the Weimar Government and Ebert forced to sign?

A

The Treaty of Versailles

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15
Q

Who was Ebert before the Weimar Government?

A

Leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD)

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16
Q

Give three facts of the Head of State? (President)

A
  • Elected every 7 yrs
  • Controlled army, navy & air force
  • Had the power of Article 48
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17
Q

Give three facts of the Chancellor? (Prime Minister)

A
  • He/She is chosen by the president
  • Responsible for day to day running
  • Responsible for healthcare, taxation, law & Order + schooling
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18
Q

Give three facts of the Reichstag?

A
  • Discussed and introduced laws
  • Members were elected every 4 yrs
  • The voting system was based off of proportional representation - however many % of votes a party got determined the amount of seats the got.
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19
Q

Give three facts of the German People? (electorate)

A
  • All men + women could vote if over age 20
  • They allected President + politicians
  • They were granted most basic freedoms
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20
Q

What is Article 48?

A

In a time of crisis the President can rule on his own without the support of the Reichstag

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21
Q

What did Germany experience in 1923?

A

Hyper Inflation

22
Q

How did the Hyper Inflation begin?

A

French Invasion of the Ruhr?

23
Q

Why did the French invade in 1923?

A

Germany had failed to pay their yearly sum for reparations, so the French and Belgium troops invaded, taking what they wanted.

24
Q

How did the Weimar Government respond to the attacks on the Ruhr?

A

They ordered the workers to go on strike and not return to work (100 strikers were killed)

25
Q

What was the solution the Germans chose to pay strikers?

A

The Weimar found striker still needed to be pay and came to the solution of printing large amounts of money

26
Q

What problems did printing more money cause?

A

Many workers began spending their money very quickly, shopkeepers responded by increasing their prices.

27
Q

What further problems were caused by the shopkeepers increasing prices?

A

As shops increased the prices the government decided to print even more money but the more money printed the more prices rose.

28
Q

What then happened to all workers after prices increased massively?

A

Most people could now not afford the prices of shops, the money became worthless.

29
Q

Who was most badly affected by the Hyper Inflation? (3)

A
  • Middle class people - Their savings became absolutely -
    worthless.
  • Elderly people with fixed pensions
  • Many small businesses collapsed as normal trades
    became impossible
30
Q

Who benefitted from the Hyper Inflation?

A

People who’d taken out loans could now easily pay them back with very few notes as well

31
Q

Name 5 things about the left wing parties?

A
  • Workers should have power and rule the country as a collection of worker councils
  • Equality : no classes and wealth differences
  • Left wing views should be used across the world
  • Change is welcome
  • Anti - right - wing
32
Q

Name 5 things about the left wing parties?

A
  • Strong leaders should rule over the people
  • There should be differences in class and wealth
  • Own country should strong and powerful with its own empire #
  • Change is not welcome
  • Anti-right-wing
33
Q

Who were the Free Corps?

A

A band of ex soldier

34
Q

What was the Spartacist Rising?

A

A left wing party which tried to take over Berlin in 1919. The takeover lasted 3 days and only ended when 2000 free corps were sent to hold them off.

35
Q

What was the Kapp Putsch?

A

A right wing party led by Wolfgang Kapp, they attempted to takeover Germany in March 1920. He gathered 5000 men which were Free Corps. His aim was to take over the whole country and his rule lasted 100 hours. He was only stopped by the striking workers.

36
Q

What was the Red Rising in Ruhr?

A

Left wing workers began taking over small towns in 1920. The free corps were sent in to contain the workers, over 1000 died.

37
Q

Give information on the assassinations between 1919-1923?

A

350 political murders
Aug 1921 - Matthias Erzberger who signed the armistice was shot
They threw acid at Phillip Scheidemann and killed foreign minister Walter Rathenau

38
Q

What was the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler’s right wing Nazi party aimed to take over the country on 18th Nov 1923. Hitler interrupted a meeting in Munich. He locked Khar in a small room and marched with his stormtroopers taking government officials and building. He was undermined by Khar and was taken by armed police the next day.

39
Q

Who solved most of Germany’s problems after 1923?

A

Gustav Stresemann

40
Q

How did Stresemann solve Hyperinflation?

A

Stopped printing old money and made a new currency called: Rentenmark, this stayed for 25 years

41
Q

How did Stresemann solve the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

Stresemann met with US Vice president Charles Dawes and arranged the US begin lending money to Germany. Germany could now begin repaying the reparations to the allies. It was known as the Dawes plan.

42
Q

How did Stresemann solve Germany’s status as a country?

A

Stresemann signed the Locarno Pact in 1925 with Britain, France, Belgium and Italy promising they would never invade each other. Germany later joined the LofN in 1926.

43
Q

How did Stresemann rebuild German factories, schools, housing and hospitals?

A

Using money from the Dawes plan Stresemann began building new factories, houses, schools and roads, this meant there were more jobs and Germany was earning more money.

44
Q

What was one of the biggest flaws with Stresemann’s plans?

A

Relied too much on the US’ money

45
Q

What was the period between 1925 - 1929?

A

Germany’s Golden Age

46
Q

Name all 5 cultural changes in Germany in the 1920s?

A

Literature
Nightlife
Cinema
Design
Art

47
Q

Give 3 facts about Night life in Germany?

A
  • Created new plays, operas and theatre shows
  • Berlin was famous for live bands and nightclubs
  • Clubs also began using dancers
48
Q

Give 3 facts about Art in Germany?

A
  • Artists in Germany believed the art should represent everyday life
  • Avant Grande was a popular style of art
  • The artists wanted to show the social classes and society
49
Q

Give 2 facts about Cinema in Germany?

A
  • Allowed people such as Marlene Dietrich to become world famous
  • They began making the most technically adavnced movies of the decade
50
Q

Give 2 facts about Literature in Germany?

A
  • All quite on the Western Front sold over half a million copies
  • People had over 120 newspapers & magazines to choose from
51
Q

Give 2 facts about Design in Germany?

A
  • There were new designers known as Bauhaus who believed in modern, simple and practical designs
  • They began building anything from chairs to buildings

History -- Germany 1890 - 1945 (3 decks)

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