Germany stats Flashcards
… G.s fought in war
11 million
… G. soldiers died & … wounded - … of G. soldiers became casualties
almost 2 million
over 4 million
over 55%
cost of war trebled G. gov.’s debt from … to … by 1918
50bn marks
150bn marks
… G.s died because of food shortages
over 750,000
national election Jan 1919 … G. people voted & moderate parties won most seats: SPD won … & Centre Party won …
over 80%
40%
20%
after … National Assembly announced new Weimar Constitution = finished
6 months
Article … of constitution confirmed that G. was to be democracy
1
(W. Constitution) voting age reduced from … to …
25
21
(W. Constitution) Reichstag elected by public every … : roughly 1 deputy per … people
4 years
60,000
(W. Constitution) President elected every
7 years
… different parties in 1920s
29
… diff. coalition gov.s 1919-23
9
Article … provided president with ‘Emergency Powers’ in times of national emergency
48
(ToV) Army reduced to … men
100,000
(ToV) Navy reduced to … battleships
6
(ToV) G. ordered to pay … to Allies
£6.6bn
(ToV) G. to provide France with coal (from Saar coalfields) for
15 years
(ToV) Article … stated G. caused war & responsible for devastation caused = ‘war guilt’ clause
231
6th Jan 1919 … workers took to streets & soon had control of Berlin
over 100,000
by Jan 1919 … Freikorps units in G.
~200
Mar 1919 further Communist uprising in Berlin = put down by … Freikorps - … rebels killed & … ‘suspected Communists’ rounded-up & executed by Freikorps
30,000
over 1,000
800
(Kapp Putsch) … armed Freikorps marched on Berlin with intention of overthrowing gov.
over 5,000
(Kapp Putsch) … workers went on strike
1000s
after … Kapp realised didn’t have support of people of Berlin so couldn’t govern
4 days
first coalition gov. had … of seats so relatively stable
77%
after elections 1920 SPD lost … of seats & main ‘moderate’ parties now only had … of Reichstag seats - extremist parties (openly wanted to overthrow democracy) now had … of seats between them
over 1/3
45%
20%
1919-22 … political assassinations - not single right-wing assassin convicted & executed but … left-wing assassins executed
376
10
ToV deprived G. of … of iron & … of coal reserves
50%
15%
Ruhr contained … G. coal, iron & steel reserves
~80%
by 1923 gov. had … paper mills & … printing shops dedicated to printing banknotes
300
2,000
1919 loaf of bread = … , 1923 loaf of bread = …
1 mark
200,000bn marks
(Dawes Plan) reparations temporarily halved to … per year & US banks provide G. with loans of … to help industry recover
£50 million
$25bn
(Young Plan) total reparations payments reduced from … to … & G. given extra … to pay total debt
£6.6bn
£2bn
59 years
vote in 1929 resulted in … G.s (…) voting in favour of Young Plan
35 million
85%
1924 … total workforce unemp. -> 1926 unemp. fell to … & by 1928 …
over 4%
2 million
1.3 million
real wages increased by … 1925-28
25%
1927 shortened length working week from … to …
50 hours
46 hours
Kellogg-Briand Pact signed by G. & … other countries
61
1927 Unemployment Insurance Act introduced unemp. insurance for … workers -> workers paid … of wages & in return provided with … per week if sick/couldn’t find work
over 16 million
3%
60 marks
by 1923 shortage of … homes in G. -> 1925 gov. introduced new … ‘rent tax’
1 million
15%
1925-29 new building associations built … homes
over 64,000
(Golden Years?) in total … homes built, … renovated & homelessness reduced by …
over 2 million
200,000
more than 60%
Reich Pension Law (1920) provided pensions to … war veterans, … war widows & … parents of dead servicemen
750,000
400,000
200,000
in Weimar elections turnout of female voters consistently
over 90%
by 1926 … women had been elected to Reichstag & … members female
32
almost 10%
(W. constitution) Article … gave women equal rights with men, equality within marriage & protection from discrim. in workplace
109
by 1929 agricultural production only at … pre-war levels
79%
German National Party (DNVP) still … largest party in Reichstag by 1928 with … seats
2nd
73
although Communists (KPD) lost support in 1920s still … largest party in Reichstag by 1928 with … seats
4th
54
in 1929 … middle-class workers seeking work
180,000
1919-20 H. = main speaker at … out of … party meetings
31
46
NSDAP only … members in Sep 1919, by Sep 1920 … members
23
3,000
SA numbered … by Aug 1922 & by Nov 1923 this had risen to …
~800
55,000
by 1923 NSDAP had … members
over 50,000
(Munich Putsch) H. & … supporters marched to centre of Munich & within moments .. of supporters shot dead
1,000
14
(Munich Putsch) H. & other leaders found guilty of treason & sentenced to … in Landsberg prison > H. released after only …
5 years
9 months
in 1929 G. industrial output fell by … , in 1931 fell by …
10%
40%
Jan 1933 … unemp. in G. > included … all factory workers & … university graduates
6.1 million
40%
60%
(WSC) estimated … unemp. received no benefit at all
27%
by 1932 wages = … of 1928 levels
70%
(WSC) increase of … in arrests for theft in Berlin
24%
(WSC) whereas Reichstag met … times in 1930 only … times in 1932
94
13
had been only … presidential decrees in 1930, by 1932 Bruning had issued …
5
66
by July 1932 NSDAP had become largest party in Reichstag with … seats
230
whereas … voters supported KPD in 1928 Reichstag elections … voters supported in 1932 (extra … voters) > KPD gained … seats in July Reichstag elections
10%
15%
million
89
by 1932 Red Front Fighters (KPD) numbered … however SA numbered …
over 130,000
well over 400,000
by early 1930s NSDAP owned … daily or weekly newspapers > regularly read by … people
120
hundreds of thousands
1930 elections NSDAP gained … vote in some rural areas
60%
general elections of 1930 Nazi Party won … seats in Reichstag, only small proportion of … seats available with … of votes
107
577
18%
presidential election Apr 1932 Hindenburg = …
84
presidential election Apr 1932 Hindenburg = … votes (…)
H. = … votes (…)
Thalmann (KPD) = … votes (…)
19 million, 53%
13 million, 36%
4 million, 11%
July 1932 Reichstag elections violence in streets (particularly communists & SA) killed … people > NSDAP won … seats, Nazi share of vote had risen from … in 1930 to … in 1932
~100
230
18%
38%
night of Reichstag Fire H. ordered arrest of … communists
4,000
Mar 1933 election Nazis increased Reichstag members to … seats > H. used emergency powers to ban Comm. Party taking its … seats > entered coalition with DNVP to have overall majority …
288
81
51%
Enabling Act (Mar 1933) passed … votes to …
444
94
Nov 1933 elections … of pop. voted for NSDAP & they won … votes
95.2%
over 39 million
(Night of Long Knives) SA numbers = … & by 1930 … of SA unemp.
3 million
60%
(Night of Long Knives) H. arranged meeting with Rohm & … other SA leaders
100
public vote in Aug 1934 to confirm H. as Fuhrer = … voted in favour
90%
SS set up in 1925 as personal bodyguard for H. with … members
240
during 1930s SS expanded to … men
240,000
1939 alone … arrested for political offences
160,000
never more than … Gestapo in pop. of …
30,000
80 million
… all (Gestapo) arrests made following info. from informant
over 80%
by 1939 … people ‘under protective arrest’ in prisons
150,000
1934-39 … people sentenced to death for political offences
534
1935 alone … newspapers = shut down
over 1,600
by 1944 Prop. Ministry fully owned … of all media being published in G.
82%
by 1939 … of G. homes owned radio
70%
1934 Nuremburg rally involved … people
over 700,000
(Chamber of Culture) in total … writers = officially banned
2,500
1933 Goebbels organised ‘Book Burning’ > … books burned in one night alone
over 20,000
Chamber of Visual Arts = only … painters & sculptors accepted
42,000
1936 … paintings & sculptures = removed from galleries by SS
over 12,000
cinema regularly attracted … viewers a week
over 250 million
… films made by NSDAP
1,300
(Berlin Olympics 1936) new Olympic Stadium built to hold … people
110,000
SS = by 1939 … members
over 250,000
after assassination of Cologne Gestapo Chief … young people hanged in Nov 1944
13
… Protestant pastors & … Catholic priests sent to conc. camps
800
400
in 1939 … people imprisoned (in conc. camps?)
~160,000
by 1939 Edelweiss Pirate membership = … compared to Hitler Youth membership of …
~2,000
8 million
(Kristallnacht) official figures (which underestimate) listed … shops, … homes & … synagogues destroyed
814
171
191
(Kristallnacht) … Jews killed & after violence of Kristallnacht … Jewish ‘trouble-makers’ rounded up & sent to conc. camps
over 100
20,000
by 1938 … homosexuals had been imprisoned & … died in conc. camps
8,000
~5,000
(T4 programme) … children killed
over 5,000
by 1938 … boys being trained in small arms shooting
1.2 million
… teachers attended political education courses by 1939
200,000
G. Women’s Enterprise eventually had … members
6 million
by 1939 … women had attended courses on childcare, cooking & sewing
1.7 million
birth rate in G. had fallen to only … births per year by 1933
1 million
Law for the Encouragement of Marriage made ‘marriage loans’ of … available to women who gave up work to marry > … of loan cancelled for every child
1000 marks
1/4
by end of 1934 … women had given up work to get married
~360,000
Mother’s Cross (num children) gold = …
silver = …
bronze = …
8
6
4
overall birth rate increased from … births per 1000 marriages in 1933 to … in 1937
14.7
19.6
… women gave birth in Lebensborn houses 1938-41
540
during election campaign in 1932 H. promised he would take … women out of employment within …
800,000
4 years
Law for the Reduction of Unemployment prevented women from working past age of …
35
num. female students entering higher education fell from … in 1932 to … in 1939
17,000
6,000
Sep 1933 Nazis launched ‘autobahn’ project to build … network of dual-carriageway roads
7,000 mile
by 1935 autobahn project employed … men & by 1938 had built …
125,000
over 2,000 miles
by 1939 … men in G. armed forces
over 1.3 million
by 1939 gov. spent … a year on rearmament
26bn marks
by 1935 num. people employed in aviation had grown to …
72,000
in 1938 Nazis spent … on public works
37bn marks
by 1936 KDF had … members & in 1938 … workers took KDF holidays
over 35 million
10 million
by 1938 SDA claimed … companies had improved facilities
34,000
… people employed in RAD by 1935
~400,000
from 1935 compulsory for all young men below age of … to serve for … in RAD
25
6 months
avg. wages increased from … per week in 1933 to … in 1939
86 marks
109 marks
avg. working hours in industry increased from … hours per week in 1933 to … hours in 1939
42
49
(1933-39) food prices rose by …
20%
unemp. men forced to join RAD
~1/2 million
people put into conc. camps
100s of 1000s
