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Weimar & Nazi Germany > Germany dates > Flashcards

Germany dates Flashcards

1
Q

World War 1

A

1914-18

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2
Q

G. gov.’s debt trebled from 50bn to 150bn marks

A

by 1918

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3
Q

unrest & anger at conditions in G. grew into revolution calling for Kaiser to abdicate

A

by Nov 1918

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4
Q

G. Navy (in port of Kiel) mutinied & refused to follow orders

A

Oct 1918

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5
Q

workers in Munich declared general strike & took control of gov.

A

Nov 1918

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6
Q

Kaiser fled G. & went into exile in Holland

A

9th Nov 1918

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7
Q

Ebert arranged for national election to be held

A

Jan 1919

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8
Q

29 diff. parties

A

in 1920s

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9
Q

9 diff. coalition gov.s

A

1919-23

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10
Q

Matthias Erzeberger (on behalf of gov.) signed surrender & armistice

A

11th Nov 1918

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11
Q

peace treaty signed in a French palace at Versailles, near Paris

A

June 1919

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12
Q

Spartacists began revolt & called for uprising of all workers

A

Jan 1919

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13
Q

(Spartacist League) over 100,000 workers took to streets & soon had control of Berlin

A

6th Jan 1919

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14
Q

~200 freikorps units in G.

A

by Jan 1919

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15
Q

(Spartacist League) Freikorps in control of streets

A

13th Jan 1919

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16
Q

Karl Liebknecht & Rosa Luxemburg arrested & killed by Freikorps without trial

A

16th Jan 1919

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17
Q

further Communist uprising in Berlin

A

Mar 1919

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18
Q

Ebert’s gov. relied on Freikorps to help defeat Communists

A

1919-21

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19
Q

Ebert’s gov. announced plans to reduce size of army & disband Freikorps

A

Mar 1920

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20
Q

elections … SPD lost over 1/3 seats, ‘moderate’ parties only had 45% seats & extremist parties had 20% seats

A

1920

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21
Q

Hugo Haase (member of Ebert’s gov.) murdered

A

1919

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22
Q

Matthias Erzeberger shot & killed

A

1921

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23
Q

Walter Rathenau, Foreign Minister, murdered

A

XJuneX 1922

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24
Q

376 political assassinations

A

1919-22

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25
Q

(ToV) G. econ. on verge of collapse

A

by 1920

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26
Q

G. failed to send coal to France from Ruhr coalfields

A

Dec 1922

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27
Q

France invaded & occupied Ruhr

A

Jan 1923

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28
Q

gov. had 300 paper mills & 2,000 printing shops dedicated to printing banknotes

A

by 1923

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29
Q

… loaf of bread = 1 mark, … loaf of bread = 200,000bn marks

A

1919
1923

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30
Q

Stresemann created new state-owned bank - Rentenbank = issued new currency Rentenmark

A

1923

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31
Q

Stresemann agreed to ‘Dawes Plan’

A

XAprX 1924

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32
Q

industrial output doubled

A

1923-28

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33
Q

Stresemann agreed to ‘Young Plan’

A

1929

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34
Q

living standards had suffered because of economic problems … -> many gradual social improvements after …

A

1918-23
1924

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35
Q

… over 4% total workforce unemp. … unemp. fell to 2 million & … 1.3 million

A

1924
1926
by 1928

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36
Q

real wages increased by 25%

A

1925-28

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37
Q

shortened working week from 50 hours to 46 hours

A

1927

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38
Q

Locarno Pact

A

1925

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39
Q

Stresemann awarded Nobel Peace Prize

A

1926

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40
Q

G. invited to join League of Nations

A

1926

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41
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

1928

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42
Q

Unemployment Insurance Act

A

1927

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43
Q

… shortage of 1 million homes -> … gov. introduced new 15% ‘rent tax’ to fund creation of building associations

A

by 1923
1925

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44
Q

new building associations built over 64,000 homes

A

1925-29

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45
Q

Reich Pension Law

A

1920

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46
Q

Social Democrats (SPD) came to power … & …(first week new Rep.) gave women right to vote & stand for elections

A

1918
Nov 1918

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47
Q

32 women had been elected to Reichstag & almost 10% members female

A

by 1926

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48
Q

Stresemann said G. econ. ‘only flourishing on the surface … the German economy is dancing on a volcano’

A

1929

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49
Q

agricultural production only at 79% of pre-war levels

A

by 1929

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50
Q

German National Party (DNVP) still 2nd largest party with 73 seats

A

by 1928

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51
Q

although Communists (KPD) lost support in … still 4th largest party … with 54 seats

A

1920s
by 1928

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52
Q

over 180,000 middle-class workers seeking work

A

1929

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53
Q

H. = main speaker at 31 out of 46 party meetings

A

1919-20

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54
Q

NSDAP only 23 members in … , by … 3,000 members

A

Sep 1919
Sep 1920

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55
Q

H. & Anton Drexler co-wrote party’s ‘Twenty-Five Point Programme’

A

XFebX 1920

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56
Q

H. formed the Sturmabteilung (SA) (run by Ernst Rohm)

A

XAugX 1921

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57
Q

SA numbered ~800 … & … this had risen to 55,000

A

by Aug 1922
Nov 1923

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58
Q

NSDAP had over 50,000 members & had built up strong base of support in Bavaria, where NSDAP Munich headquarters located

A

by 1923

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59
Q

Mussolini led supporters in a ‘March on Rome’

A

1922

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60
Q

Munich Putsch

A

Nov 1923

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61
Q

(Munich Putsch) ban on NSDAP lifted

A

XFebX 1925

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62
Q

share prices began to fall on Wall Street stock exchange in New York

A

XOctX 1929

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63
Q

in … G. industrial output fell by 10%, in .. fell by 40%

A

1929
1931

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64
Q

6.1 million people unemp., included 40% factory workers & 60% university graduates

A

Jan 1933

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65
Q

(WSC) … wages = 70% of … levels

A

by 1932
1928

66
Q

Heinrich Bruning = Chancellor

A

1929-32

67
Q

(WSC) Reichstag rejected Bruning’s policies

A

by July 1930

68
Q

(WSC) Reichstag met 94 times in …. & only 13 times in …

A

1930
1932

69
Q

had been only 5 presidential decrees in … , by … Bruning had issued 66

A

1930
1932

70
Q

Bruning resigned

A

30th May 1932

71
Q

NSDAP had become largest party in Reichstag with 230 seats

A

by July 1932

72
Q

whereas 10% voters supported KPD in … Reichstag elections 15% supported in … elections > KPD gained 89 seats in … Reichstag elections

A

1928
1932
July 1932

73
Q

NSDAP prop. made little reference to NSDAP or policies, just used striking images of H.

A

by 1932

74
Q

‘Hitler over Germany’ campaign

A

1930-32

75
Q

Red Front Fighters numbered over 130,000 however SA numbered well over 400,000

A

by 1932

76
Q

(WSC) Joseph Goebbels in charge of NSDAP prop.

A

1930-32

77
Q

NSDAP owned 120 daily or weekly newspapers

A

by early 1930s

78
Q

elections … NSDAP gained 60% vote in some rural areas

A

1930

79
Q

middle class deserted more moderate parties & many switched to NSDAP

A

1929-32

80
Q

general elections … Nazi Party won 107 seats in Reichstag

A

1930

81
Q

(Hindenburg’s 2nd) presidential election

A

Apr 1932

82
Q

Bruning banned SA & SS & announced plan to buy up land from large landowners to house unemp.

A

Apr 1932

83
Q

Reichstag elections, NSDAP won 230 seats

A

July 1932

84
Q

Hindenburg appointed von Schleicher as Chancellor

A

Dec 1932

85
Q

H. legally appointed Chancellor of G.

A

30th Jan 1933

86
Q

once Chancellor H. called general election for …

A

5th Mar 1933

87
Q

Reichstag Fire

A

27th Feb 1933

88
Q

Enabling Act

A

Mar 1933

89
Q

SA entered offices of SPD & KPD destroying newspapers & confiscating funds > facing intimidation Socialists voluntarily gave up seats in Reichstag

A

May 1933

90
Q

‘Law Against the Formation of Parties’

A

July 1933

91
Q

Dachau opened

A

Mar 1933

92
Q

… elections 95.2% of pop. voted for NSDAP & they won over 39 million votes

A

Nov 1933

93
Q

the Night of the Long Knives

A

30th June 1934

94
Q

60% of SA = unemp.

A

by 1930

95
Q

death of Hindenburg & public vote to confirm H. as Fuhrer

A

Aug 1934

96
Q

SS set up as personal bodyguard for H. with 240 members

A

1925

97
Q

SS given famous black uniforms

A

1932

98
Q

Gestapo set up = H.’s non-uniformed police force

A

1933

99
Q

160,000 arrested for political offences

A

1939

100
Q

150,000 people ‘under protective arrest’ in prisons

A

by 1939

101
Q

534 people sentenced to death for political offences

A

1934-39

102
Q

H. made Goebbels the Minister of People’s Enlightenment and Propaganda

A

1933

103
Q

over 1,600 newspapers = shut down

A

1935

104
Q

Prop. Ministry fully owned 82% of all media being published in G.

A

by 1944

105
Q

Goebbels censored radio stations

A

after 1933

106
Q

70% of G. homes owned radio

A

by 1939

107
Q

every summer starting … Goebbels organised vast rallies in Nuremburg

A

1923

108
Q

… Nuremburg rally involved over 700,000 people

A

1934

109
Q

NSDAP set up Chamber of Culture

A

XSepX 1933

110
Q

Goebbels organised ‘Book Burning’

A

1933

111
Q

Goebbels set up Chamber of Visual Arts

A

1933

112
Q

over 12,000 paintings & sculptures = removed from galleries by SS

A

1936

113
Q

Berlin Olympics

A

1936

114
Q

SS = over 250,000 members

A

by 1939

115
Q

all police powers (including Gestapo) unified under Himmler’s control

A

by 1936

116
Q

leaders of SPD newspaper ‘The Red Shock Troop’ arrested

A

1933

117
Q

after assassination of Cologne Gestapo Chief 13 young people hanged

A

XNovX 1944

118
Q

~160,000 people imprisoned (in conc. camps?)

A

1939

119
Q

Reich Church (Protestant)

A

1936

120
Q

Concordat with the Pope

A

1933

121
Q

Jews banned from gov. jobs & Jewish teachers & civil servants sacked

A

XAprX 1933

122
Q

Jews banned from inheriting land

A

XSepX 1933

123
Q

Jews banned from Army

A

XMayX 1935???

124
Q

local councils banned Jews from parks & swimming pools while others provided separate yellow park benches

A

1934

125
Q

boycott of Jewish businesses

A

Mar 1933

126
Q

Nuremburg Laws (included Reich Law on Citizenship & Reich Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honour)

A

XSepX 1935

127
Q

Kristallnacht

A

Nov 1933

128
Q

8,000 homosexuals had been imprisoned

A

by 1938

129
Q

Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseased Offspring

A

1933

130
Q

T4 programme

A

1939

131
Q

1.2 million boys being trained in small arms shooting

A

by 1938

132
Q

all youth groups banned other than Nazi groups

A

1933

133
Q

membership of H. Y. became compulsory

A

1939

134
Q

200,000 teachers attended political education courses

A

by 1939

135
Q

‘New Women’

A

1920s

136
Q

1.7 million women had attended courses on childcare, cooking & sewing

A

by 1939

137
Q

birth rate in G. had fallen to only 1 million births per year

A

by 1933

138
Q

Law for the Encouragement of Marriage (marriage loans)

A

1933

139
Q

~360,000 women had given up work to get married

A

by end of 1934

140
Q

overall birth rate increased from 14.7 births per 1000 marriages in … to 19.6 in …

A

1933
1937

141
Q

540 women gave birth in Lebensborn houses

A

1938-41

142
Q

divorce laws changed to encourage childbirth

A

1938

143
Q

during election campaign in … H. promised to take 800,000 women out of employment within 4 years

A

1932

144
Q

Law for the Reduction of Unemployment (women out of work)

A

1933

145
Q

grammar schools for girls banned

A

1937

146
Q

num. female students entering higher education fell from 17,000 in … to 6,000 in …

A

1932
1939

147
Q

Nazis launched ‘autobahn’ project

A

XSepX 1933

148
Q

… autobahn project employed 125,000 men & … had built over 2,000 miles

A

by 1935
by 1938

149
Q

H. introduced conscription for all young men

A

1935

150
Q

over 1.3 million G. men in armed forces

A

by 1939

151
Q

gov. spent 26bn marks per year on rearmament

A

by 1939

152
Q

num. people employed in aviation had grown to 72,000

A

by 1935

153
Q

Nazis spent 37bn marks on public works

A

1938

154
Q

… KDF had over 35 million members & … 10 million workers took KDF holidays

A

by 1936
1938

155
Q

SDA claimed 34,000 companies had improved facilities

A

by 1938

156
Q

~400,000 people employed in RAD

A

by 1935

157
Q

compulsory for all young men below 25 to serve for 6 months in RAD

A

from 1935

158
Q

avg. wages increased from 86 marks per week in … to 109 marks per week in …

A

1933
1939

159
Q

avg. working hours in industry increased from 42 hours per week in … to 49 in …

A

1933
1939

160
Q

all basic groceries (except fish) cost more in … than …

A

1939
1933

Weimar & Nazi Germany (2 decks)

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