Germany: Chancellors 1890-1914 Flashcards
Who was appointed after Bismarck as chancellor?
General Leo von Caprivi
What economic system did the right-wing elites want to limit the spread of?
Socialism
What were pressure groups?
Groups that aimed to influence government policy
What were some examples of pressure groups?
- Pan German League
- Army League
- Agrarian League
- Industrialist’s League
- Navy League
- Imperial League against Social Democracy
What two words were associated with Caprivi’s chancellorship?
‘New course’
What policy did Caprivi use in order to win over the moderate left and what did it include?
State socialism, which meant negotiating certain socialist policies to avoid them rebelling and taking over completely
What did this state socialism allow?
Recognition of trade unions, reduction in working hours and a progressive income tax
Which group did the policy of state socialism annoy?
Conservative Prussian landowners who saw it as a concession to the middle classes
Which day were made compulsory rest days under Caprivi?
Sundays
How many hours were women limited to working per day?
Eleven hours
When was the Army Bill introduced and what was it in response of?
1892, Franco-Russian Entente in 1890
In the event of a two front war, what plan would be used?
Schlieffen Plan, 1892
How many new recruits did the Army Bill allow?
84000 recruits
Who encouraged the Kaiser to act independently and get rid of Caprivi?
Eulenburg
When and why did Caprivi resign?
1894, he refused to draft a bill against socialists (‘subversive elements’)
Who took over the chancellorship after Caprivi in 1894?
Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst
Why was Hohenlohe chosen as Chancellor? (Why did he benefit the Kaiser?)
He posed no political threat to the Kaiser and was described as a ‘straw man’
Which two bills did Hohenlohe attempt to bring in, but were rejected by the Reichstag?
1894 Subversion Bill and 1899 Anti-union Bill
What was the name given for concentrating middle class support against the socialists, supported by increasingly powerful pressure groups?
Sammlungspolitik
By what percentage did Conservative support fall between 1893-1898?
21%
What was Hohenlohe’s chancellorship a period of?
Reactionary rule
What was Hohenlohe’s nickname?
Straw man
What was Weltpolitik?
A world policy to improve foreign relations, which was used to divert attention from troubles at home
