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Germany: Bismarck 1871-1890 Flashcards

1
Q

When was Bismarck born?

A

1815

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2
Q

When did Bismarck die?

A

1898

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3
Q

What did Bismarck build Germany through?

A

‘Blood and iron’

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4
Q

Which group of people did Bismarck ban from Germany?

A

Jesuits

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5
Q

What does ‘Reich’ mean?

A

A kingdom or an empire

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6
Q

What does ‘junker’ mean?

A

Aristocratic land owner from Prussia

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7
Q

What does ‘unification’ mean?

A

Joining together of states or countries

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8
Q

What is Prussia?

A

A prominent state of Germany originating in 1525

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9
Q

What does ‘liberalism’ mean?

A

An ideology promoting freedom

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10
Q

What does ‘free trade’ mean?

A

Unrestricted imports and exports

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11
Q

What does ‘conservative’ mean?

A

Promoting traditional social institutions

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12
Q

What does ‘protectionist’ mean?

A

Taxing foreign imports to protect industry

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13
Q

What does ‘urban’ mean?

A

Relating to cities

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14
Q

What does ‘cartel’ mean?

A

A group of independent producers reducing costs

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15
Q

What does ‘socialism’ mean?

A

An ideology promoting equality

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16
Q

What does ‘Kaiser’ mean?

A

Emperor

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17
Q

What does ‘autocratic’ mean?

A

Relating to a ruler who has absolute power

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18
Q

What does ‘democratic’ mean?

A

Relating to democracy, representative of voters

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19
Q

What does ‘constitution’ mean?

A

A body of fundamental principles

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20
Q

What does ‘Kulturkampf’ mean?

A

Struggle of culture

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21
Q

What does ‘reichsfiende’ mean?

A

Enemies of the state, e.g. Catholics

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22
Q

What is ‘anti-semitism’?

A

Jewish hatred

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23
Q

What was the highest position in the constitution of the second Reich?

A

Kaiser

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24
Q

Which group did the Kaiser directly command?

A

Army

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25
Which position was just below the Kaiser?
Chancellor
26
What was the other name for the Federal Council and Upper House?
Bundesrat
27
How many representatives were in the Bundesrat?
58 representatives
28
How many state governments were there?
25 states
29
What's another name for the Reichstag?
Lower House
30
Who elected members of the Reichstag?
Males over 25 years old
31
How often were elections held for members of the Reichstag?
Three years
32
How often was the army budget reviewed and by who?
Every seven years, Reichstag
33
When was the National Liberals formed?
1867
34
What main policies did National Liberals support?
German unification and free trade
35
What was the other name for the Centre Party?
Zentrum
36
Which religion mainly followed the Centre Party?
Catholics
37
What policy did the Centre Party favour?
Greater decentralisation
38
Which party formed in 1875?
Social Democratic Party
39
Which party was for the Protestant and aristocratic Prussian junker landowners?
German Conservative Party
40
Where did the German Conservative Party stand against the other parties?
Most right wing of all the parties
41
Which party formed in 1871 was made of strong supporters of Bismarck?
Free Conservatives or Reichspartei
42
What did the Progressives or Forschrittspartei (DFP) dislike?
Centralism and militarism
43
Finish the quote by Bismarck... 'In 1871, I had an empire but...'
'In 1871, I had an empire, but by 1879 I had a nation.'
44
How many seats did the National Liberals win in the 1871 election?
125 seats out of 397
45
What did the National Liberals work with Bismarck to get?
German unification
46
When was the single currency established?
1876
47
What were some of the unification policies?
- Standardised law - National bank - Abolished tariffs on internal trade - Single currency - Single court system - Extended railway network - New postal system
48
How many new acts were passed for unification?
One hundred
49
What law took power from the National Liberals and when was it passed?
Septennial Law, 1874
50
When was the Press Law introduced?
1874
51
What did the Press Law allow?
Government to prosecute editors who published material that they did not approve of
52
Was Bismarck a Protestant or Catholic?
Protestant
53
When was the start of Kulturkampf?
1872
54
When were the May Laws introduced?
1873
55
When did Kulturkampf end?
1879
56
When was the General German Workers' Association formed?
1863
57
Who led the General German Workers' Association?
Ferdinand Lassalle
58
Which group was formed in 1869 by W. Liebknecht?
Social Democratic Workers' Party
59
How many members did the group formed in 1869 have by 1875?
9000 members
60
What party did these two groups join to form?
SPD
61
What programme was the initial basis for the 'manifesto' of the SPD?
Gotha programme
62
How many seats did the SPD win in 1877?
12 seats
63
When was the Anti-socialist Law introduced?
October 1878
64
What did the Anti-socialist Law do?
All socialist events were banned, however the SPD specifically weren't officially banned from running or sitting in the Reichstag
65
How many socialist activists were imprisoned as a result of the Anti-socialist law?
15000
66
When was the Sickness Insurance Act introduced?
1883
67
What act in 1889 was introduced that helped pensioners and disabled people?
Old Age and Disability Act
68
Between the years of 1871 and 1873, what did Germany experience?
An economic boom
69
What developed economically as a result of German 'Great Depression'?
Cartels
70
What were examples of two pressure groups created as a result of the Great Depression?
League of German Iron and Steel Manufacturers (1873) and Central Association of German Industrialists (1876)
71
Why did Bismarck call an election in 1878?
He aimed to deprive National Liberals of seats
72
What policy did Bismarck move from free trade to in 1878?
Protectionism
73
What percentage increase on spending for the army did Bismarck fight for in 1886-87?
10%
74
What did Bismarck do when the army spending wasn't approved?
Created a false war scare
75
When did Bismarck propose a new permanent anti-socialist bill which permitted strong police action?
October 1890
76
What was the main reason for Bismarck resigning?
He couldn't pass the permanent anti-socialist law
77
When did Wilhelm I die and Wilhelm II take over?
1888
78
Whose power did the Kaiser want to reduce?
Bismarck

History (3 decks)

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