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History AQA GCSE > Germany 1928-1934 > Flashcards

Germany 1928-1934 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Wall Street Crash?

A

October 1929

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2
Q

Figures of unemployment and Nazi seats that show how the Depression allowed the Nazis to gain support

A

1928 - Unemployment 1.39 million. 12 Nazi seats
1932 - Unemployment 5.6 million. 230 Nazi seats

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3
Q

2 ways in which the Depression affected Germany economically

A

Americans used to buy cars, clothing, electrical goods from Germany but now they couldn’t afford them so German factories had to close and millions lost their jobs
American Banks demanded all the money they had lent to Germany during WW1. German banks tried reclaim this money from German businesses who couldn’t pay so they went bankrupt.

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4
Q

A way in which the Depression affected Germany politically

A

People blamed the Weimar government for their problems and started to listen to more extreme parties (Communists and Nazis). Leaders of these parties offered radical solutions for Germany’s problems and ways to improve their lives. People lost confidence in the traditional parties of Weimar.

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5
Q

Reasons for growth of the Nazi party 1928-1932

A

The Depression
Weaknesses of Weimar
Nazi Strengths (including the appeal of Hitler)
Fear of Communism

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6
Q

Facts about number of men in the SA and what it shows

A

1931 - 100,000 men
1932 - 400,000 men
Shows how the Nazi party offices set up all over Germany helped to recruit more followers and how the SA played an important part

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6
Q

Why did Hitler appeal to farmers?

A

Farmers had been hit hard by the depression but the Weimar government hadn’t done much to help
Nazis promised the farmers higher prices for their crops, a better quality of life and a higher status in society
Nazis offered protection against communism. If communists took over, they would seize farmers’ land.

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7
Q

Why did Hitler appeal to women?

A

He thought that good morals, family life and self-discipline were important.
Hitler also thought that Weimar culture had been a bad influence on the young.

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8
Q

Why did Hitler appeal to the middle class?

A

They feared that law and order might break down during the depression.
They were fearful of a communist takeover that would destroy their way of life.
The Nazi party promised to deal with problems decisively (unlike the Weimar politicians) and the SA fought communists.

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9
Q

Why did Hitler appeal to young people?

A

He promised to tear up the Treaty of Versailles signed by weak Weimar politicians and make Germany strong again.
Young people wanted to be apart of the armed forces or building houses, hospitals and motorways.

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10
Q

Why did Hitler appeal to upper classes?

A

He promised strong leadership and to make Germany a strong nation like the ‘good old days’.
Would allow owners to run their factories how they wanted and planned to use factories to build weapons and battleships. This would allow the owners to make more money.
Communists wanted to take over businesses but Nazis wanted to fight the communists.

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11
Q

Who did Hitler appeal to?

A

Farmers, women, middle classes, young people, upper classes

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12
Q

What were the results of the September 1930 election?

A

Nazis had 107 seats, second largest party.
Bruning became chancellor and was very unpopular (cut unemployment pay and raised taxes)

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13
Q

What did the Nazis do as a result of the 1930 election?

A

They tried harder to gain more support. Millions of posters and flags, Hitler spoke at mass rallies across Germany.
SA beat up communists and disrupted their meetings, making it hard for them to campaign

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14
Q

When did Bruning resign?

A

July 1932

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15
Q

Who replaced Bruning as chancellor?

A

Hindenburg appointed centre party politician Franz von Papen

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16
Q

What happened during July 1932

A

Bruning resigned. Franz von Papen became chancellor. He lacked support so he held an election. Nazis won 230 seats and were now the largest political party

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17
Q

What were the results of the July 1932 election?

A

Nazis won 230 seats, became the largest political party in Germany

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18
Q

What happened because of the results of the July 1932 election?

A

Hitler demanded the Chancellor’s job but Hindenburg refused him. Hindenburg then appointed von Papen as Chancellor again using his emergency powers

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19
Q

Why did Hindenburg refuse Hitler the job of Chancellor in July 1932?

A

He thought the Nazi party were very violent and disruptive

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20
Q

When did von Papen call another election?

A

November 1932

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21
Q

What were the results of the November 1932 election?

A

Votes for the Nazi’s fell slightly but they were still the largest party
Votes for von Papen’s centre party also fell

22
Q

What happened as a result of the November 1932 election?

A

Von Papen resigned again as he had lost support.

23
Q

Who did Hindenburg replace von Papen with?

A

Kurt von Schleicher, his old friend

24
Q

What happened to Kurt von Schleicher?

A

He resigned because he didn’t have much support and he couldn’t make new laws

25
Q

What happened after Kurt von Schleicher resigned?

A

Hindenburg had no choice but to appoint Hitler as chancellor. He tried to limit Hitler’s power by appointing von Papen as vice-chancellor and limiting the number of fellow Nazis Hitler was allowed in the cabinet to 2.
They thought they could control Hitler

26
Q

When was Hitler appointed Chancellor?

A

30 January 1933

27
Q

How did Hindenburg try to limit Hitler’s power as chancellor?

A

He appointed von Papen as vice-chancellor.
He limited the number of fellow Nazis Hitler was allowed in the cabinet to 2. They thought they could control Hitler.

28
Q

Why did the Weimar democracy fail during 1930 -1933 (while Hitler was trying to become chancellor)?

A

Chaos and violence on the street along with unstable government proved that the Weimar Government was failing.
Democracy had failed because Hindenburg was using his emergency decrees (Article 48) to make decisions without the consent on the democratically-elected Reichstag.

29
Q

What did Hitler do after he became Chancellor?

A

He arranged elections for March 1933. He wanted to win a huge victory so he could get a majority in the Reichstag.

30
Q

How did Hitler try to increase votes for the March 1933 election?

A

As Chancellor, he now had greater influence over the newspapers and radio stations.
He also controlled the police and used them to beat up opponents and intimidate voters.

31
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27 February 1933, a week before the March elections

32
Q

What was the outcome of the Reichstag fire?

A

A young communist, Marinus Van der Lubbe was arrested and blamed for the fire. Hitler said that the fire was part of a communist plot to take over the country. This hurt the KPD in elections, increased votes for Nazis as they were the only party addressing communism and allowed Hitler to pass emergency laws without the Reichstag.

33
Q

What were the results of the 5 March 1933 election?

A

The Nazi party won more votes than ever before due to the way they dealt with the communists. Hitler still didn’t get the majority he wanted.

34
Q

When did Hindenburg let Hitler pass the emergency ‘Protection Law’?

A

28 February 1933

35
Q

Why did Hindenburg allow Hitler to pass the protection law?

A

The Reichstag fire and the appearance of a communist plot. Genuine fear of violence

36
Q

What was the emergency ‘Protection law’ called?

A

Decree for the Protection of the People and the State

37
Q

What did the emergency ‘Protection law’ allow Hitler to do?

A

Gave the state emergency powers to limit civil liberties and rights.
Hitler banned leading communists from taking part in the election campaign, arrested and jailed 4000 communists and shut down all their newspapers.

38
Q

When was the Enabling act passed?

A

23 March 1933

39
Q

Why did the Centre party join the Nazis and why did they agree to pass the Enabling act?

A

Hitler had stirred up lots of fear of communism. They were bullied into passing the Enabling act.

40
Q

What impact did the Centre party joining the Nazis have?

A

Hitler now had the majority he wanted to force the Reichstag to pass the Enabling act

41
Q

What was the Enabling act and how did it help Hitler?

A

Gave Hitler the power to make laws without approval from the rest of the Reichstag. He didn’t have to listen to the Reichstag or Hindenburg. Allowed Hitler to establish a dictatorship.

42
Q

When did Hitler start to use his new powers after the Enabling act (local government, gestapo)?

A

7 April 1933

43
Q

What did Hitler do with his new powers from the Enabling act?

A

Nazis were put in charge of all local government, councils and the police.
The Gestapo (secret police) was formed.
First concentration camp for political prisoners was set up in Dachau.

44
Q

When did Hitler ban all trade unions?

A

2 May 1933

45
Q

Why did Hitler ban all trade unions?

A

They were a potential source of opposition to Hitler. By banning them, workers couldn’t complain about pay and conditions.

46
Q

When did Hitler ban all other parties?

A

14 July 1933

47
Q

What did the ‘Law against the Formation of New Parties’ state?

A

All parties would be banned except for the Nazis.
If anyone tried to set up or run another party they would go to prison for 3 years.
Germany was now a 1 party state.

48
Q

When was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

30 June 1934

49
Q

When did Hitler become president of Germany and why?

A

2 August 1934. He became President as soon as Hindenburg died.

50
Q

What were the causes of the Knight of Long Knives?

A

SA now wanted well-paid jobs as a reward for their loyalty. SA had more members than the army and Rohm wanted to merge the army and the SA and control both. This would make Rohm extremely powerful and scared both Hitler and the army leaders.
Hitler needed support from the army generals because he would need them to take back Germany lost from the Treaty of Versailles.
Also rumours that Rohm was going to seize power and take over from Hitler

51
Q

What were the events of the Night of the Long Knives?

A

Hitler arranged a meeting in a hotel in Bavaria with SA leaders on 30 June 1934.
Before dawn, Hitler and an assassination squad from the SS stormed into the hotel and arrested SA leaders. They later shot them dead.
Over the next few days, around 400 political opponents were executed including Ernst Rohm and Kurt von Schleicher (ex-chancellor)

52
Q

What were the impacts of the Night of the Long Knives

A

Many of those who Hitler regarded as a threat were dead, including Rohm and all the leading Nazis who disagreed with Hitler.
SS emerged as the group responsible for Hitler’s security, not the SA. Together with the Gestapo they formed the basis of the ‘police state’.
Hitler didn’t hide what he had done. Murder was established as a method of the Nazi government.

History AQA GCSE (8 decks)

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