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History > Germany 1918-1945 > Flashcards

Germany 1918-1945 Flashcards

2 Hilp rezyve fur mi hiestoori ecsim.

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1
Q

Who was Ludwig Muller?

A

Bishop of the Reich church

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2
Q

When did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?

A

30th January 1933

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3
Q

When was the Enabling Act?

A

23rd march 1933

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4
Q

What policy did Hitler make in 1928 regarding farm land?

A

Land owned by Jews would be confiscated by the Nazis

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5
Q

When did the DAP become the NSDAP?

A

1920

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6
Q

What was protective arrest and how many people were under the scheme in 1939?

A

It was people suspected of being against Hitler or the third Reich, 100,000 in prison

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7
Q

When did the NSDAP become the largest party in the Reichstag?

A

July 1932

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8
Q

When, why and what happened at the November election?

A

in 1932, called by Hindenburg to try to decrease power of the Nazis. Nazis lost seats but remained largest party and so Von Papen resigned.

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9
Q

What did KDF stand for?

A

Strength Through Joy

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10
Q

What did KDF try to achieve?

A

Developed in 1933, encouraged employers to provide leisure activities to employees. Aimed to create a sense of happiness through working, encouraging harder and more effective worker, building a stronger economy.

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11
Q

When was ‘Night of long knives’?

A

June 30th-2nd July 1934

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12
Q

How did Hitler control local governments?

A

1934 he destroyed local governing bodies and appointed Nazi governors to replace them.

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13
Q

When was Kristallnacht (night of the broken glass)?

A

9-10th November 1938

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14
Q

When was the Reichstag fire?

A

27th February 1933

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15
Q

What was organised to confirm Hitler’s position as Fuhrer in 1934?

A

August 2nd 1934, A vote was organised, Hitler won 90% of the vote.

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16
Q

When did Hindenburg die?

A

August 2nd 1934

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17
Q

What did boys have to attend aged 10 in Nazi Germany?

A

German youth, then aged 14 joined Hitler youth. At age 18 did 6 months of labour service before being conscripted to the army.

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18
Q

What was the SDA?

A

Developed in 1934, ensured workplace was safe and healthy for workers.

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19
Q

What was Hitler’s 4 year plan?

A

1936 Hitler wanted Germany to be self sustaining (Autarky) and able to mobilise a strong military

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20
Q

How did the Nazi party gain support from women and children during the late 1920s?

A

Propaganda specifically aimed at women promoting essentials of good families to help strengthen the country.

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21
Q

When was the Weimer government declared?

A

February 1919

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22
Q

What were the parts of the Weimar Constitution that made Germany the most democratic country in the world?

A

women over 20 had the vote, bill of rights, elected president and Reichstag,

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23
Q

What were the problems with the Weimar Constitution?

A

Proportional representation,
Parties allocated seat proportional to amount of votes. This made making decisions hard.
Article 48, in an emergency the president didn’t need to consolidate the Reichstag before making a decision.
Freedom of speech meant that it was easy for extremist parties to criticise the government

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24
Q

When was the Kapp putsch?

A

March 1920

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25
Q

How many government politicians were assassinated by nationalist terror groups?

A

356

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26
Q

When was the Spartacist uprising?

A

January 1919 50,000 Spartacists rebelled

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27
Q

Who led the Sparacists?

A

Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Leibknecht

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28
Q

When was the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

1923

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29
Q

What crises took place in 1923?

A

Invasion of the Ruhr
Hyperinflation
Munich Putsch

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30
Q

What was the Nazi 25 point programme?

A

Lebensraum, need for living space for Germany to expand.
A strong Germany, treaty of Versailles should be abolished and all German speaking people united in one country.
Fuhrer, idea that there should be one great leader instead of a democracy.
Autarky, idea Germany should be self sufficient. Get rid of communists and Jews.
Social Darwinism, Aryan race was supreme and Jews were sub-human.

31
Q

What forms of propaganda did the Nazis used in the 1920s?

A

radio, mass rallies, newspapers (eg ‘Der Sturmer’), Hitler’s speeches, and posters.

32
Q

When was the Munich putsch?

A

8-9th November 1923

33
Q

Who did Hitler plot the Munich putsch with?

A

General Ludendorff
Ernst Rohm
Kahr and Lossow

34
Q

When was the Munich Putsch ‘called off’?

A

4th October 1923

35
Q

How many supporters did the Nazis have in 1923?

A

55,000

36
Q

What happened to the Nazi’s when Hitler went to prison?

A

Nazi party was banned, Hitler prevented from public speaking until 1927

37
Q

What were the constitutional means Hitler used to come to power?

A

Hitler youth, Propaganda, Merge with other right wing parties, local branches of the party, SS as personal body guards

38
Q

When was the SS set up?

A

4th April 1925

39
Q

When did Hitler abolish trade unions?

A

2nd may 1933

40
Q

When and what was the concordat?

A

Signed 20th June 1933, allows hitler to take political power as long as he leaves the Catholic Church alone.

41
Q

When did Hitler ban all political parties?

A

14th July 1933

42
Q

What and when was the peoples court set up?

A

24th April 1934, court in which judges had to swear loyalty to Hitler.

43
Q

When and what happened in the general election?

A

5th march 1933, 44% of population vote for the Nazis winning them 288 seats in the Reichstag.

44
Q

When did Hitler officially become Fuhrer?

A

19th August 1934

45
Q

What did Hitler set up to control German workers?

A

German Labour Front (DAF)

46
Q

What did Gustav Stresemann to stabalise the Reichstag?

A

1923 set up ‘great coalition’, this brought together the pro-democratic parties in the Reichstag allowing decisions to finally be made.

47
Q

When was Germany allowed to join the league of nations?

A

1926

48
Q

What did stresemann do to help ordinary people?

A

Introduced to reforms to help ordinary people such as job centres unemployment pay and better housing.

49
Q

What was the Dawes plan?

A

Named after Charles Dawes the American budget director.

1923 allowed Germany longer to pay back reparations and gave them a loan of 800 million gold marks.

50
Q

Was the Weimar Republic stable during 1923-1929?

A

Great coalition collapsed before end of 1923. Nationalists and fascists still had seats and we’re waiting for opportunity. Everything depended on American money.

51
Q

When was the wall street crash?

A

1929

52
Q

During the economic depression, what were the unemployment figures?

A

6 million

53
Q

How many seats did the Nazis have in 1928?

A

12

54
Q

How did Hitler control religion in Nazi Germany?

A

Non-Nazi Catholic priests and Protestant pastors such as Martin Niemöller and Dietrich Bonhöffer were sent to concentration camps.
Jews and Jehovah’s Witnesses were openly persecuted.
Hitler set up a state Reich Church, which banned the Bible and the cross.
Nazis encouraged people to revive the old Viking myths and ceremonies.

55
Q

What did girls have to attend in Nazi Germany?

A

The BDM, indoctrinated girls and prepared them for church, children and cooking.

56
Q

What was the ‘law for the encouragement of marriage’?

A

Gave newly weds a loan of 1,000 marks and could keep 250 marks for each child they had.

57
Q

How did the pope appose Hitler?

A

1937 sent out message of ‘burning concern’ criticising Hitler.

58
Q

What was was the white rose group?

A

Formed in munich university by students, sent out anti-Nazi leaflets. Discovered and executed in 1943

59
Q

What was the Reichsbanner?

A

paramilitary wing of the social democratic party, sabotaged railway lines and acted as spies.

60
Q

Who were the Eddelweis pirates (swing groups)?

A

Young people who rejected Nazi views, drank and listened to jazz. They daubed anti-Nazi slogans, sheltered deserters and beat up Nazi officials. 1944 in cologne killed Gestapo chief so Nazis executed 12 of them.

61
Q

What was the confessional church

A

Set up by Martin niemoller in opposition to the Reich church. Niemöller was held in a concentration camp during the period 1937-1945. Another Protestant pastor, Dietrich Bonhöffer, took part in the 1944 bomb plot and was executed.

62
Q

What was the Kreisau circle?

A

1944, group of army officers and intellectuals tried to kill Hitler, bomb planted by Colonel Stauffenberg. In retaliation 5000 people killed.

63
Q

Who is Von Galon?

A

archbishop of munster, successfully campaigned against euthanasia of mentally disabled people.

64
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

28th June 1919

65
Q

When was the Kiel Mutiny?

A

3rd November 1918

66
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected
Army?

A

Not allowed air force or subs
Navy reduced to 6 battleships and only 15,000 sailors
Army reduced to 100,000 troops
Demilitarisation of the Rhineland

67
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected Land?

A

Land- Alsace and Lorraine=>France, Saarland (Indutrial Area).
Posen and West Prussia to Poland (Polish Corridor)
Eupen Malmedy given to Belgium
Germany lost all overseas colonies

68
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected Money?

A

Germany had to pay £6.6bn in reparations for damage caused in the war.
Had to be payed in annual instalments

69
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles that affected Blame?

A

Article 231=> War Guilt Clause blamed Germany for causing the war entirely.

70
Q

What was ‘Aryanisation’?

A

The taking over of Jewish businesses by Aryans

71
Q

When was the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service?

A

7th April 1933

72
Q

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service gave Hitler the power to do what?

A

Forcibly retire non-aryans from civil service e.g. Lawyers

73
Q

What was the RAD?

A

National Labour Service

History (4 decks)

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