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German History > Germany 1815-71 Timeline > Flashcards

Germany 1815-71 Timeline Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened in 1815?

A

Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation
- Germany was divided into 39 separate states

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2
Q

Who was the Key force of the Confederation between the 1815-48?

A

Austria, under Chancellor Metternich

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3
Q

What happened in 1818?

A

Prussian Customs Union created, abolishing internal tariffs in Prussia, allowing Prussia to develop its economy
- Rapid economic expansion in Prussia

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4
Q

What happened in 1834?

A

The establishment of Zollverein (customs union) which created free trade across 18 German states
- Gave Prussia economic predominance in Germany by the mid 1800s

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5
Q

What happened in 1836?

A

Zollverein extended
- includes 25 states

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6
Q

What happened in 1844?

A

Zollverein now includes 34 states
- Austria stays outside the customs union

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7
Q

What happened in 1847?

A

Crop failures lead to increased food prices
Unemployment rose

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8
Q

What happened in 1848?

A

Revolutions throughout the different states of Germany
- Metternich resigns as Chancellor of Austria, further reducing their dominance in German states
- Revolutions led to the election of a parliament for the whole of Germany-> Frankfurt Parliament, 596 liberals from German confederation, met to plan a constitution for a unified Germany

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9
Q

1848: What was the Problem with the Frankfurt Parliament deciding on a Unified Germany?

A
  • Some liberals argued for a ‘Lesser Germany’, excluding Austria
  • Others wanted a ‘Greater Germany’, including Austria but not Hungary
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10
Q

What happened to the Frankfurt Parliament in 1849?

A

The parliament broke up but the nationalist sentiment stayed strong

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11
Q

What happened in 1849?

A

March: Frankfurt Parliament agree on a constitution for Germany (Kleindeutschland, without Austria), led by the king of Prussia
BUT Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia rejects the offer
June: Parliament ends

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12
Q

What happened in 1851?

A

May: The German Confederation is re-established

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13
Q

What happened in 1860?

A

New Prussian Minister of War, Von Roon, introduces military reforms, longer military service, army twice as big etc

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14
Q

What happened in 1861?

A

Wilhelm I becomes the King of Prussia

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15
Q

What happened in 1862?

A

Otto von Bismarck is appointed as Minister President (Prime Minister/Chancellor equivalent) of Prussia
- Anti Liberal Junker
- Built the army to bring about the Unification through war

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16
Q

What happened in 1864?

A

The Danish War
- Majority of the population of the Schleswig-Holstein region were German, but the King of Denmark wanted to annex this region
- Outcry in German states led to war in which Austria and Prussia together fought the Danes
- War ended in Danish surrender

17
Q

What happened in 1865?

A

Convention of Gastein
- Austria gain control of Holstein (nearer to Prussia)
- Prussia gains control of Schleswig
- Bismark knows the solution will eventually lead to conflict with Austria

18
Q

What happened in 1866?

A

The Austrian war (the 7 weeks war)
- Bismarck provoked a war over the German Confederation, having first isolated Austria by making an alliance with Italy + ensuring France remained neutral by making vague promises of land

19
Q

What happened in 1867?

A

After the defeat of Austria, North German Confederation was created by Bismarck
- Made Prussia the most powerful German state
- Southern German States (ie Bavaria) still follow Austria’s lead

20
Q

What happened between 1870-71?

A

Franco-Prussian War
- Relations deteriorated between France and Prussia
- Issues of Spanish succession was a catalyst for war
- Napoleon III felt that a relative of the Prussian royal family becoming the King of Spain would lead to France being encircled
- French demands led to the Ems Telegram
- France was quickly defeated + with the fall of Napoleon III-> a new republic was proclaimed

21
Q

What happened in 1871?

A

January 18th: German Empire declared (Germany is created)
- Wilhelm I is Kaiser (emperor)
- Bismarck became Chancellor
- The Treaty of Frankfurt (May 1871)

22
Q

When was Bismarck Chancellor until?

A

1890

23
Q

What did the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) entail?

A
  • Alsace-Lorraine was ceded to Germany
  • France was made to pay a war indemnity
  • German troops were occupying Northern Provinces of France
  • Nationalism swept German states

German History (8 decks)

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