Germany

Question 1

How did Hitler become chancellor

Answer 1

Hindenburg won another term as President​

Bruning resigned due to being unpopular​

Von Papen was made chancellor but failed to control Reichstag ​

Nazi was the biggest part in the Reichstag w 230 seats​

Schleicher replaced von Papen but was sacked to threatening to establish a military dictatorship​

Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor with the idea that he and Von Papen would control him

Question 2

Establishing a dictatorship

Answer 2

Establishing a dictatorship ​

Reichstag fire: Provided the excuse to clamp down on opponents ​

March 1933 election: increased Nazi seats​

Enabling act: Allowed Hitler to pass laws and ignore the constitution without the approval of the Reichstag ​

Trade unions and political parties banned removing opposition​

Death of Hindenburg made Hitler the Fuhrer of Germany

Question 3

Control and the terror state

Answer 3

Himmler’s SS controlled Germany through terror​

SS started as Hitler’s bodyguards but grew into a vast terror organization​

SD acted as a uniformed intelligence service]​

Gestapo used fear and torture on opponents relying on public informants​

Concentration camps used to intimate opponents ​

Nazi’s had complete control of Law courts and Judges​

Nazi’s controlled religion and sought cooperation with religious leaders ​

Question 4

Oppositition

Answer 4

Some workers resisted the removal of trade unions through sabotage and slow work​

Lidwig Beck army officer) plotted to remove Hitler​

Young people such as Swing Youth and Edelweiss Pirates rejected the Hitler Youth ​

Nazi’s went against the concordat leading to the Church resisting through the Pastor’s emergency league and the confessing church ( set up a church against the Reich church

Question 5

Work and employment

Answer 5

Reich Labour Service provided compulsory work with military discipline ​

Autobahns provided thousands of jobs​

Wages went up​

Rearmament provided work in factories and armed forced​

Unemployment dropped ​

However: ​

Workers worked longer hours ​

Prices went up​

Women and Jews weren’t able to work​

Military and infrastructure

Question 6

Jewish treatment

Answer 6

Persecution of minorities ​

Nazi racism was based on historic antisemitism and more modern eugenics​

Nazi’s considered Aryans the ‘master race’ ​

Nazi policies persecuted Slavs’ gypsies’ homosexuals and the disabled​

Nazi’s blamed Jews for Germany’s problems​

Restricted Jewish citizenship and personal rights until it culminated to physical attacks (Kristallnacht)​

German people did little of nothing due to fear of punishment ​

Question 7

Kristallnacht​

Answer 7

Gangs of SA set about smashing Jewish properties and burning synagogues​

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Goebbels blamed Jews for the violence and demanded 1bn marks in fines​

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In the next week 20,000 Jewish Germans were put in concentration camps