Cold war

Question 1

What is capitalism?

Answer 1

an ideology where everyone is free to own property and businesses to make money

Question 2

What is communism

Answer 2

All property is owned by the state to ensure that everyone has a fair share

Question 3

What were 3 agreements made at the Tehran conference

Answer 3

1- The soviet union would help USA beat Japan after Germany has been defeated
2- Poland would lose land to the Soviets but Gain from Germany
3- An international body should be set up after war to ensure future peace

Question 4

Where was there disagreements within the Tehran conference

Answer 4

That the US and UK would open a ‘second front’ by attacking Nazi occupied France

Question 5

What were the 3 agreements made in the Yalta conference

Answer 5

1- Germany would need to pay 20$ in reparations and be split into 4 zones
2- Soviet union agreed that free elections would be held in eastern Europe
3- UN would be established

Question 6

What was the main disagreement at the Yalta conference

Answer 6

That Poland would become a free government (Stalin wanted Poland to be pro-communist while Churchill didn’t)

Question 7

Who replaced Roosevelt after his death in 1945

Answer 7

Harry S. Truman

Question 8

Who replaced Churchill after a general election

Answer 8

Clement Attlee

Question 9

What were the four agreements at the Potsdam conference

Answer 9

1- Germany’s 4 zones would be split between the superpowers and France
2- Berlin would be split into 4 zones
3- The soviet union would receive 25% of industrial equipment from the other 3 zones in Germany

Question 10

How did tensions increase at the Potsdam conference

Answer 10

Truman reported to Stalin that the US had successfully tested an atomic bomb

Question 11

Why did the USA bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki (2 points)

Answer 11

1. To end the war against Japan
2. To potentially scare the Soviet union

Question 12

How did the atomic bomb increase tensions

Answer 12

The usage of the atomic bomb without consent of the other 2 superpowers caused Stalin to distrust the US believing that they were seeking world domination

Question 13

What was a consequence of the of the atomic bomb

Answer 13

Stalin created a buffer zone between Germany and the Soviet union containing communist countries providing him with allies against the US

Question 14

What was the Long telegram

Answer 14

A summary by Kennan (US official) of the soviets intentions

Question 15

What did the Long telegram contain

Answer 15

There would be no peaceful co-existence between the USSR and US

Question 16

What was the Novikov telegram

Answer 16

Contained Novikov’s assessment of American attitudes towards the Soviet Union:

Question 17

What did the Novikov telegram conclude

Answer 17

The US wanted to build it’s military strength to achieve world domination

Question 18

How did the telegrams increase tension

Answer 18

Led to a loss of trust as both sides planned the destruction of each other

Question 19

What was the iron curtain speech

Answer 19

A speech made by Winston Churchill stating there is a metaphorical wall between the west and the east

Question 20

What were satellite states

Answer 20

Eastern European countries that had been liberated from Nazi control by the Soviet Red Army that Stalin had control of

Question 21

Name the 7 satellite states the Soviets had control over

Answer 21

1- Albania
2- Bulgaria
3- Romania
4- East Germany
5- Hungary
6- Poland
7- Czechoslovakia

Question 22

What was the main method the soviets used to gain control over Satellite states

Answer 22

1- Supporting communist parties
2- Infiltrating political structures
3- Manipulating elections

Question 23

How did the expansion of the soviets influence increase tensions

Answer 23

Broke the agreements made at the Yalta conference (all liberated countries should be allowed a free government/ free elections)

Question 24

What was the Truman doctrine

Answer 24

Provided aid to any country to help them stand against communism allowing containment

Question 25

What was the Marshall plan

Answer 25

Money provided to help the economies of Western Europe to prevent them falling prey to communism

Question 26

How did the Marshall plan increase tensions

Answer 26

Stalin called it ‘Dollar imperialism’ as the US used propaganda to increase sphere of influence

Question 27

What was a consequence of the Marshall plan

Answer 27

Cominform

Question 28

What was Cominform

Answer 28

Allowed Stalin political control the governments of the satellite states

Question 29

What was a consequence of the Truman doctrine

Answer 29

Comecon

Question 30

What was Comecon

Answer 30

Economical control and trade links within the Eastern bloc

Question 31

What was a cause of the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 31

1- The USA and Britain merged their zones to create ‘Bizonia’ which France joined making a ‘Trizonia’ controlling the west
2- ‘Trizonia’ created new currency for the west (the Deutschmark)

Question 32

Why did the creation of the Deutschmark cause can increase of tension

Answer 32

Broke agreement made at Potsdam (Germany to be made weak to prevent another world war)

Question 33

Name 5 underlying factors for the Berlin crisis

Answer 33

1. Bizonia
2. Truman Doctrine
3. Marshall Plan
4. Trizonia
5. Deutschmark

Question 34

What was the Berlin Blockade

Answer 34

The SU shut off land routes into East Germany preventing the West from accessing their zone in Berlin

Question 35

How did the Berlin Blockade affect West Berlin

Answer 35

1- All there resources where from the East
2- They only had enough food for 36 days
3- They lacked resources i.e. fuel and medicine

Question 36

What were the two potential outcomes of the Berlin Blockade

Answer 36

1- Lack of support from the West would cause Berlin to run out of necessities causing the SU to gain control
2- Violating the blockade would risk war

Question 37

What was the Berlin Airlift

Answer 37

1- 170,000 tonnes of supplies were sent into Berlin (1,000 flown in every day)
2- Airplanes at Berlin-Tempelhof landed every 45s delivering supplies

Question 38

What was the result of the Berlin Blockade

Answer 38

9th May - Soviet union lifted the Blockade, the West had won the propaganda war as the East were now villianised

Question 39

What were the aims of the Warsaw pact

Answer 39

1- Protect against possible attack
2- Agree to assist a member if attacked
3- Strengthen relations between Eastern countries

Question 40

What was the arms race?

Answer 40

a period of time when the USA and the Soviet Union competed against each other to create and stockpile the most advanced weapons.

Question 41

What were the causes of the arms race

Answer 41

1- The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2- Fear of attack
3- Increased competition

Question 42

What were the consequences of the arms race

Answer 42

1- Increase in US and the USSR’s army, nukes
2- Increased tension and competition
3- Nuclears became a deterrent to war

Question 43

What did Khrushchev say in his ‘secret-speech’

Answer 43

There’s a need for ‘peaceful co-existence’ with the West

Question 44

How did Khrushchev approach the idea of destalinisation

Answer 44

• Released political prisoners
• Lifted censorship of information
• Increased the number of consumer goods

Question 45

What started the Hungarian Uprising

Answer 45

High demand for personal freedom