Germ Layer Derivatives

Question 1

Surface ectoderm

Answer 1

epidermis
hair
nails
inner ear, external ear
enamel of teeth
lens of eye
anterior pituitary (Rathke’s pouch)
parotid gland
anal canal below pectinate line

Question 2

Neuroectoderm

Answer 2

neural tube
central nervous system
retina and optic nerve
pineal gland
neurohypophysis
astrocytes
oligodentrocytes

Question 3

Neural crest ectoderm

Answer 3

adrenal medulla
ganglia
sensory - pseudounipolar neurons
autonomic - postganglionic neurons
Pigment cells
Schwann cells
meninges
pia and arachnoid mater
pharyneal arch cartilage
odontoblasts
aotricopulmonary septum
endocardial cushions

Question 4

Mesoderm

Answer 4

Muscle
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
connective tissue
all serous membranes
bone and cartilage
blood, lymph, cardiovascular organs
adrenal cortex
gonads and internal reproductive organs
spleen
kidney and ureter
dura mater

Question 5

What germ layer is notochord part of?

Answer 5

mesoderm

Question 6

Notochord derivatives?

Answer 6

nucleus pulposus

Question 7

Endoderm

Answer 7

forms epithelial lining of:
GI track: foregut, midgut, and hinbdgut

lower respiratory system: larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lung

genitourinary system: urinary bladder, urethra, and lower vagina

Pharyngeal pouches
* auditory tube and middle ear
* palatine tonsils
* parathyroid glands
* thymus

Forms parenchyma of:

• liver
• pancreas
• submandibular and sublingual glands
• follicles of thyroid gland

Parafollicular (C) cells

Question 8

What are some extraembryonic structures we talked about in Chapter 2?

Answer 8

yolk sac derivatives

Question 9

Yolk sac derviatives?

Answer 9

primordial germ cells
early blood cells and blood vessels