Geris

Question 1

What percentage does renal function decline in elderly?

Answer 1

8ml per 1.73m2 every decade

1/3 of people don’t have a decreased GFR

decline in GFR may not be matched by decline in serum creatinine, as muscle was falls with age at about same rate as GFR

Question 2

What happens in ageing with liver?

Answer 2

decreased mass of functional hepatocytes by 30-40%
Decrease in hepatic volume 20-40%
Decreased hepatic blood flow 30-50%

Question 3

how many chronic disorders do you have per decade in elderly?

Answer 3

50% at age 60 will have 1,
50% at age 70 will have 2
50% at age 80 will have 3

Question 4

What is the frailty phenotype predictive for?

Answer 4

falls, worsening mobility, disability, hospitilzation and death after adjusting for age, gender and health status

Question 5

Molecular level of ageing what happens?

Answer 5

oxidative stress
mitochondrial deletions
shortened telomeres
DNA damage
cell senescence

Question 6

Physiology of ageing and frailty

Answer 6

IL 6 and insulin like growth factor involved

Anorexia
Sacropenia, osteopenia
Immune function
Cognition
Clotting
Glucose metabolism

Question 7

Clinical aspects of frailty?

Answer 7

slowness
Weakness
Weight loss
Low activity
Fatigue

Question 8

Criteria for Frailty?

Answer 8

Unintentional weight loss (5kg in a year)
Self-reported exhaustion
Weakness (reduced grip strength)
Slow walking speed >6 sec over 5 metres
Low physical activity kcal expenditure

Frail = 3 or more criteria

Question 9

What do anabolic steroids do in frailty?

Answer 9

increase in muscle mass without increase in function without exercise