Geriatrics (week 3) Flashcards
What does the term “frailty” in geriatrics primarily refer to?
A. Increased drug absorption in older adults.
B. Reduced physiological reserves and increased vulnerability.
C. A condition limited to patients with multimorbidity.
D. Enhanced metabolic function in aging individuals.
Frailty is characterized by reduced physiological reserves, increased vulnerability, and difficulty coping with stressors due to aging. It is not limited to patients with multimorbidity and does not involve enhanced metabolic function.
(b)
term to describe multiple diseases in a patient; leading to complicated perscriptions and regimend, and increases drug interactions and contracdictions
multimorbidity
Which of the following best describes polypharmacy?
A. Using five or more medications.
B. Treating one disease with multiple drugs simultaneously.
C. Using medications to treat adverse effects of other drugs.
D. Both A and C.
a and c
What is the primary goal of the BEERS list in geriatric pharmacology?
A. Promote the use of high-dose medications.
B. Identify potentially inappropriate medications for older adults.
C. Prevent undertreatment in frail patients.
D. Enhance drug absorption in elderly patients.
The BEERS list is a tool used to identify medications that may be inappropriate for use in older adults due to the risk of adverse effects outweighing potential benefits.
In older adults, drug elimination is often impaired due to:
A. Accelerated renal function.
B. Declining renal function.
C. Increased protein binding.
D. Enhanced receptor sensitivity.
Declining renal function in older adults affects drug elimination, necessitating dosage adjustments to avoid drug accumulation and toxicity.
How does aging impact drug absorption in most older adults?
A. Absorption rates decrease significantly.
B. Absorption is completely unaffected.
C. Absorption rates may slow but are usually adequate.
D. Drug absorption becomes unpredictable.
Aging typically does not greatly impair drug absorption, though the rate of absorption may slow slightly.
Which phase of drug metabolism is generally preferred in older adults?
A. Phase 1
B. Phase 2
C. Both phases are equally effective.
D. Neither phase is affected by aging.
Phase 2 metabolism is preferred in older adults because it involves conjugation reactions that are less affected by aging compared to Phase 1 (oxidation/reduction) reactions.
What is a common feature of geriatric syndromes?
A. They are categorized as distinct diseases.
B. They are typically caused by a single factor.
C. They involve multiple organ systems and risk factors.
D. They do not require multidimensional treatment.
Geriatric syndromes are multifactorial conditions that affect multiple organ systems and require a multidimensional approach to treatment.
not in disease category ,
(from stressors and
age risk factors that lead to multiple organ systems getting damaged )
What term describes the failure to prescribe beneficial medications to a patient?
A. Polypharmacy
B. Drug omission
C. Adverse drug reaction
D. Undertreatment
Potential prescribing omissions refer to the failure to prescribe medications that could benefit a patient, often seen in those with polypharmacy.
Which of the following does NOT affect drug distribution in older adults?
A. Age-related protein changes.
B. Decreased receptor density.
C. Tissue binding.
D. Lipophilicity of the drug.
Receptor density affects pharmacodynamics, not drug distribution. Protein changes, tissue binding, and drug lipophilicity all influence distribution.
In pharmacodynamics, why are older adults more sensitive to certain drugs?
A. Decreased receptor density only.
B. Increased receptor affinity and altered feedback mechanisms
.C. Enhanced metabolism and renal clearance.
D . Reduced sensitivity to all drugs.
Older adults often have increased receptor sensitivity and altered feedback mechanisms, making them more sensitive to certain drugs.
How does frailty complicate drug therapy?
A. It increases the rate of drug metabolism
.B. It enhances physiological reserves.
C. It reduces a patient’s ability to recover from drug side effects.
D. It eliminates the risk of adverse drug reactions.
Frailty reduces the ability to recover from drug side effects due to decreased physiological reserves and increased vulnerability.
What factor is most crucial in determining drug dosage for older adults?
A. Age alone.
B. Renal function.
C. Body mass index (BMI).
D. Receptor density.
Renal function is critical in determining drug dosage for older adults since reduced elimination can lead to drug accumulation and toxicity.
Which of the following is a consequence of multimorbidity in older adults?
A. Simplified treatment regimens.
B. Decreased likelihood of adverse drug reactions.
C. Increased risk of drug interactions.
D. Reduced need for medications.
Multimorbidity often leads to complex treatment regimens, which increase the risk of drug interactions and adverse effects.
What does the term “adverse drug reaction” (ADR) imply in geriatrics?
A. Positive therapeutic effects of medications.
B. An unintended harmful effect of a medication.
C. A reduction in drug efficacy over time.
D. Improved sensitivity to medications.
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) refers to unintended, harmful effects of a medication, which are more common in older adults due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
which of the following are results from physiological changes?
- lower muscles mass
- more fat
- lower cardiac output
- less nueral sitmulation (bloodflow to CNS)
- lower hormone secretions
what are the changes in absorption in older adults?
- low blood flow
- hydration
- slower absoprtion (PK)
- high absorption of topical steroids
- low acid
- low gastric motility
- high gastric pH
what are the changes in distribution?
- lower Vd (for drugs)
- low body water
- lower lean mass
- increased fat storage
- low albumin
what are the changes in metabolism?
- lower hepatic blood flow and mass
- lower enzyme content
- lower p1 and p2 metabolism
- slower metabolism
when considering giving an older adults medication that needs to undergo oxidative metabolism , what should you do?
- oxidative metabolism is phase 1 metabolism
- older adults have a decline of phase 1 metabolism
- giving them ox metabolism is a bad idea
solution: reduce the dose
