Geriatrics Transitions & Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What professional organizations offer recommendations for cancer screening?

A

USPSTF
ACS (american cancer society)
ACP (american college of physicians)
ACOG (american college of obstetricians and gynecologists)
ACCP (american college of chest physicians)
AUA (american urologic association)

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2
Q

when does colon cancer screening start

A

45 (or 50)
up to age 75-85

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3
Q

what are the colon cancer screens available

A

FIT- annual
Sigmoidoscopy - every 5 years
colonoscopy - every 10 years

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4
Q

when does breast cancer screening begin?

A

40 (or 50) up to age 75

mammogram every 1-2 years

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5
Q

when are cervical cancer screenings begun

A

start at age 21
up to age 65

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6
Q

what are the cervical cancer screenings available and how often?

A

Pap - every 3 years
HPV + Pap every 5 years

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7
Q

when do lung cancer screenings begin

A

age 50 in current and former smokes with 20+ pack years
screen up to 75-80

low dose CT scan yearly

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8
Q

when does prostate cancer screening begin?

A

age 50 (to 55)
up to age 70

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9
Q

what does a AAA repaire decrease

A

mrotality in men 65- 75 years of age
for men >75, mortality exceeds benefits

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10
Q

what are the recommendations for AAA screening?

A

one-time screening with ultrasound in men 65-75 who have ever smoked

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11
Q

when should be screen for hyperlipidemia

A

if patient have additional risk factors for heart disease and are aged 65-75

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12
Q

how often should fasting glucose be tested in patients with symptoms of diabetes and those at risk of diabetes

A

symptoms of diabetes: every year
risk factors: every 3 years

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13
Q

what screening is recommended for ALL adults

A

hypertension screening

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14
Q

who are at an increased risk of chlamydia/gonorrhea

A

all sexually active women > 25 at increased risk

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15
Q

when do we screen for Hep C

A

adults 18-79

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16
Q

when is it recommended for women to be screened for osteoporosis

A

women 65 years or older
or sooner if RF such as daily steroids, decreased estrogen exposure or infrequent meses

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17
Q

what are the potential harms of screenings?

A

worry/anxiety
cost and use of resources
additional procedure/risk of infection
exposure to raditation
complication of sedation/anesthesia
injury
aggressive treatment to slow growing tumors

18
Q

what is the pneumococcal recommendations

A

all adults over 65 should get PCV13 followed 6-12 months later by PPSV23
also recommended for smokers, diabetics, chronic liund disease

19
Q

what are the influenza vaccine recommendations

A

recommended annually for all people over 6 months of age.
high dose vaccine may be more effective in adults over 65.

20
Q

what is the Tdap vaccine recommendation

A

Td or Tdap every 10 years for all adults.
OR Td every 10 years and a one time booster of pertussis vaccine over age 65

21
Q

what is the zoster vaccine recommendation

A

RZV (2 dose recombinant zoster vaccine) recommended for adults >50 yo

22
Q

what is the most common neurologic complication in geriatric patients

23
Q

what is the most common type of complication in the geriatric surgical population

A

neurologic complication

24
Q

what are the most important risk factors associated with post-operative delirium

A

advanced age and dementia

25
what is often associated with post-operative delirium
abnormal pre-operative lab values (electroyltes, glucose, low hemoglobin levels)
26
what are iatrogenic risk factors for delirium in ICU patients
sedative medications and possibly use of opioids
27
what are lung expansion modalities to decrease complications in the elderly
chest physiotherapy deep breathing exercises incentive spirometry and OPEP continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
28
what is the goal of lung expansion modalities
increase post-operative functional residual capacity and expand partially or completely collapsed alveoli
29
when are preoperative ECGs indicated
in patient with cardiac risk facotrs and active disease undergoing at least intermediate surgery
30
what are the post operative adverse events associated with perioperative hypothermia
poor wound healing, suscptibility to infections, shivering, discomfrot and increased cardiovascular stress and subsequent complications
31
when should the BEERS criteria be consulted
medication management in older population - polypharmacy
32
what are contributing factors to delirium
infection, medications, electroylte abnormalitites, ETOH/drug withdrawal, pain/fear
33
why might providers be reluctant to address the issue of an older persons driving capabilities
lack of training in injury prevention or rehabilitation fear of losing a patient legal concerns
34
what medications are associated with increased driving risk/impaired skills
opioids benzos antidepressants hypnotics antipsychotics antihistamines glaucoma agents NSAIDs (pain not becasue of impairment) Muscle relaxants
35
what are medical illnesses that impair driving
celiac disease DM pulmonary disease alcoholism dementia cerebrovascular disease parkinsons arthritis visual/hearing impairment sleep apena seizure d/o various neuromuscular disorders
36
how can we assess safety for an older patients driving abilities
visual acuity, visual fields, hearing, cognition MSK function alcohol use attention and judgement visual spatial skills (clock-drawing) medication review
37
what is PGD
prolonged grief disorder perisistant and impairing form of grief that occurs when there are impediments to adaption
38
what are indicators of PGD
pervasice intense yearing or longing peristent preoccupaton with the decreases (persists at least 6 months) emotional pain, sadness, guilt, anger, denial, blame, anhedonia, emotional numbness dx made when emotion impairs functioning
39
What are the risk factors for prolonged grieving
maladaptive grief-related emotions, cognitions or behaviors psychiatric dz hx lower SES hx of childhood attachment difficulties current physical illness or pronounced psychological stress older adults (male, less educated, "oldest old", poor cognitive performance, hx of depression)
40
what are four identifiable forms of grief
pre-death, acute, integrated, prolonged/complicated