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P3A Med > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

A patient is admitted with a bacterial infection. What will their FBC look like?

A

High neutrophils, low lymphocytes

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2
Q

What is sick sinus syndrome?

A

a

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3
Q

What is torsade de pointes?

A

specific type ofabnormal heart rhythmthat can lead tosudden cardiac death.

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4
Q

What is cyclizine used for?

A

Anti-emetic

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5
Q

What is the first line Abx for GI infection?

A

Piperacillin and tazobactam

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6
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

A relatively common bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the upper dermis typically on the face or legs

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7
Q

Are CAPs usually viral or bacterial?

A

Bacterial

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8
Q

How does apixaban work?

A

highly selective, orally bioavailable, and reversible direct inhibitor of free and clot-bound factor Xa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, the final enzyme in the coagulation cascade that is responsible for fibrin clot formation.

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9
Q

How does clopidogrel work?

A

It selectively inhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet P2Y12 receptor and the subsequent ADP- mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation

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10
Q

A pt presents with normal SATs but hypoxia. What is the diagnosis?

A

CO poisoning

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11
Q

What is Chilaiditi’s sign?

A

The incidental radiographic finding of the bowel positioned between the right diaphragm and the liver

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12
Q

What is the Barthel index?

A

Activities of Daily Living (ADL) assesses functional independence, generally in stroke patients.

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13
Q

Where would you see a J wave?

A

Hypothermia, amongst other things

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14
Q

What is the difference between T1 and T2 Resp failure?

A

a

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15
Q

What is Bolam’s rule?

A

Negligence

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16
Q

Give six causes of hyperkalaemia.

A

MACHINE: medications, acidosis, cellular destruction, hypoaldosteronism/haemolysis, excessive intake, renal failure, impaired excretion

17
Q

What is scurvy?

A

Lack of vitamin C, leading to bleeding around the hair follicles (due to weak collagen)

18
Q

Describe the pathophysiology behind refeeding syndrome.

A

on refeeding, insulin increases. This causes PO43- to enter cells, causing a decrease in serum PO43- — an electrolyte imbalance that can cause death

19
Q

What can precipitate delirium?

A

Drug, electrolyte/physiology abnormalities, lack of drug/alcohol withdrawal, infection, reduced sensory input, intracranial problems, urinary retention/faecal impaction, myocardial problems

20
Q

What are the four geriatric giants?

A

Instability, immobility, intellectual impairment, incontinence

21
Q

What are the four main components of the comprehensive geriatric assessment?

A

Medical assessment, functional assessment, psychological assessment, social & environmental assessment

22
Q

What is the 4-AT tool used for?

A

Delirium

23
Q

How do you investigate pressure ulcers?

A

CRP, ESR, WCC, swabs, blood cultures, XR for bone involvement

24
Q

What is a tool used to assess nutritional status?

A

MUST screening tool (malnutrition universal screening tool)

25
Q

What are the biochemical features of refeeding syndrome?

A

Hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia, thiamine deficiency, abnormal glucose metabolism

26
Q

What are some complications of re-feeding syndrome?

A

Arrhythmias, coma, convulsions, cardiac failure

27
Q

What are some medications that increase risk of falls in elderly people?

A

Benzodiazepines, diuretics, anti-hypertensives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, polypharmacy

28
Q

What are the 3 main features of Parkinson’s?

A

Bradykinesia, rigidity (lead-pipe, cog-wheel), tremor

29
Q

What are the components of the GCS?

A

Best eye opening response, best verbal response, best motor response

30
Q

List 4 causes of hyponatraemia?

A

Dilutional effect – heart failure, SIADH, hypervolaemia/failure excess, NSAIDS (promote water retention), oliguria renal failure (dilution)

Sodium loss – Addison’s disease, diarrhoea and vomiting, osmotic diurese (DM, diuretic excess), severe burns, diuretic stage of acute renal failure

31
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of delirium?

A

Hyperactive and hypoactive

32
Q

What Ix would you do for delirium?

A

ABG/VBG, Sats, BP, Temp, FBC, LFT, U&E, CRP, sputum culture, folate, B12, HbA1C, TFT, CXR, ECG, urinalysis

33
Q

How do bisphosphonates work?

A

Osteoclast inhibition

P3A Med (9 decks)

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