Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nimna's Flash Cards > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs causing delirium

A
  • Anticholinergics
  • Benzo’s
  • Opioids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Best scan for Lewy body dementia

A

FDG PET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Insulin resistance is a RF for which types of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

Vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neurotransmitter changes in delirium

A
  • decreased acetylcholine

- increased dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biggest risk factor for Alzheimer’s

A

Advancing age.

F>M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gene for Alzheimer’s dementia - Early and Late onset

A

Early onset

  • presenelin genes - PSEN1 and PSEN2
  • APP gene
  • Amyloid beta 42

Late onset
- Homozygous for APOE E4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beta amyloid levels and Tau levels in CSF in Alzheimer’s

A
  • Beta amyloid - low (earliest sign of Alzheimer’s)

- Tau - high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Best imaging for assessing amyloid plaques

A

PiB scan - Pittsburg compound B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alzheimers drugs

A
  • Donepezil
  • Rivastigmine
  • Memantine - NMDA receptor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of frontotemporal demential

A
  • behavioural changes
  • progressive dysphasia
  • specific food cravings
  • decline in hygiene and grooming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

First cognitive deficit in Lewy body dementia

A

Visio-spatial skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Area of brain affected in Alzheimer’s

A

Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fat changes in normal aging

A
  • reduced subcut fat and reduced appendicular.

- increased visceral and axial fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who assesses for capacity?

A

Clinician/ Doctor - NOT neuropsych

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Best management of frailty

A

Group resistance exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurotransmitter involved in delirium

A

Acetylcholine.

17
Q

Delirium physiology

A

Inattention - due to ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)
Cortical + subcortical dysfunction

18
Q

Delirium EEG

A

slow wave activity

19
Q

4 core features of Lewy body dementia

A
  • Fluctuating cognition and lack of attention
  • Hallucinations
  • REM sleep behaviour disorder
  • Parkinson’s features
20
Q

Treatment of Lewy Body dementia

A
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors work very well - BETTER than in Alzheimer’s.
  • Antipsychotics DO NOT work.
21
Q

Fried frailty criteria

A
  1. decreased grip strength
  2. unintentional weight loss
  3. low energy
  4. low physical activity and slow walking
    speed (<0.8m/s).
22
Q

Highest population risk factor for Alzheimer’s

A

low education

23
Q

Diabetic drug which is neuroprotective for Parkinsons

A

Exenatide/ GLP1 agonists

24
Q

Comparison of MOCA and MMSE for MCI

A

MOCA - more sensitive

MMSE - poor sensitivity, more specific.

25
Q

SE Donepezil

A
  • GI side effects
  • insomnia
  • heart block/ QT
26
Q

Role of MRI/CT in MCI

A

Has a role in assessing focal patterns of atrophy, such as temporal lobe volume loss; which may indicate high risk of converting from MCI to dementia.

27
Q

Can MCI revert/improve?

A

Yes. Improvements seen in 15-50%

28
Q

Risk of dementia for those with MCI vs no-MCI

A

three times the risk of developing dementia.

29
Q

Blood pressure aim in elderly patients who are ambulant

A

SBP <120 - reduced cardiovascular and all cause mortality compared to target of <140

30
Q

Effect of Vit D supplements on falls risk

A

reduces risk ONLY if Vit D levels were deficient

31
Q

Intervention with biggest improvement in outcomes for dementia

A

Carer skill training

32
Q

Relevance of TDP43 (TAR DNA binding protein 43)

A
  • a mutated form causes frontotemporal dementia - ubiquitin positive but tau and alpha synuclein negative.
  • a mutated form is found in ALS
  • normally is protective against HIV as it suppresses transcription.
33
Q

Components of CAM score

A 
Needs BOTH of:
1. Acute and fluctuating 
2. Inattention 
And ONE of 
3. Disorganised thinking
4. Altered conscious state
34
Q

Components of 4AT score

A

Alertness
Attention
Acuity
AMT4 - orientation to TPP

Nimna's Flash Cards (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions