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PC1-exam 3 > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What does Cupid stand for in regards to aging process

A

C is cumulative, structural and functional changes are this

U is for universal aging

P is for progressive

I is for intrinsic to basic biology

D is detrimental

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2
Q

What is senescence? 

A

Passing of biological time

Organic process of aging

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3
Q

The general definition of a geriatric person is someone older than what age?

A

Older than 55

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4
Q

What is the concept longevity determination mean?

A

The normal period of operation for a persons life, controlled by genetics

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5
Q

What are activities of daily living? Name some

A

They are activities that are essential elements of self-care.

Bathing, dressing, toileting, transfers, grooming, feeding

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6
Q

What are instrumental activities of daily living? List some 

A

They are associated with independent living in the community and can serve for a basis of the types of services needing to maintain independence

Shopping, preparing meals, using the telephone, driving in transportation, handling on finances, administering a medication, housekeeping and laundry

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7
Q

To assess gait

What question should be asked?

A

Have you fallen in the past year?

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8
Q

What test is used to assess gait? 

A

The timed “up and go” test or TUG

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9
Q

Describe the TUG test

A

This is a simple test: you instruct the patient to rise from the chair, Walk for 10 feet, turn back and return to the chair and sit down again.

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10
Q

A negative test result for the tug test is how many seconds?

A

Less than 10 seconds or less.

11-20for frail elderly and disabled

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11
Q

What are two questions to ask a elderly patient to screen for depression?

A

Have you been feeling down, depressed or hopeless?

Have you lost interest or pleasure in doing things?

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12
Q

Describe the mini cognitive exam

A

You will ask the patient to remember three words unrelated to each other and repeat them. You’ll have the patient draw clock with a specified time. And then have them repeat the three words you said in the beginning

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13
Q

The mini cognition exam is extremely accurate at predicting what? 

A

Is extremely accurate at predicting if someone has dementia

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14
Q

If a patient does not recall any of the three words or if they recall only one or two words and drawn abnormal clock what is the determination of this result?

A

A person has dementia

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15
Q

What is considered a positive predictive value of malnutrition?

A

Elderly Weighing below 100 pounds

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16
Q

What is the question is should ask patients when assessing nutrition?

A

Have you lost 10 pounds over the past six months without trying to do so?

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17
Q

What is a normal score for the mini cog test?

A

10

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18
Q

What are the four key terms and assessing for alcohol intake using their cage questionnaire?

A

C is for cut
As is for annoy
 G is for guilt
E is for eye opening

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19
Q

What are three of a higher risk medication groups associated with polypharmacy

A

Benzodiazepines, anticholinergics, and conventional antipsychotic medication

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20
Q

The medical study of the aging process is called what

A

Gerontology

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21
Q

What is the study of disease that affects elderly?

A

Geriatrics

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22
Q

Young old term is associated with what age range?

A

65 to 74 years

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23
Q

What age range is old considered?

A

75 to 84 years

24
Q

Oldest old is in what range?

A

85 and older

25
Q

What is important to know about Medicare coverage in regards to The USPSTF stringent evidence guidelines?

A

Medicare will only pay for A and B level recommendations that meet the USPSTF guidelines 

26
Q

What does the acronym spices for in regards to geriatric syndrome markers?

A 
Sleep disturbances
Problems with eating or  feeding
Incontinence
Confusion
Evidence of falls
Skin breakdown
27
Q

A standard diagnosis of dementia requires two of the following to be present: 

A 
Memory impairment
Communication language impairment
Inability to focus or pay attention
Reason and judgment impairment
Visual perception impairment
28
Q

Polypharmacy is defined by a patient taking how many medications?

A

It is a fine by patient taking five or more medications. This increases the risk of adverse drug reactions

29
Q

Healthcare providers to use the beers criteria as a guy for prescribing it all settings except which two?

A

Hospice and palliative care

30
Q

End-of-life preparation should be discussed in which settings?

A

Animal office visits, when entering the hospital, or when undergoing an outpatient procedure

31
Q

 What brief nutrition tool can be used to assess a geriatric patients nutrition?

A

Mini nutritional assessment, it is six questions

32
Q

What are two big safety concerns for the prevention of enduring the older adult?

A

Safe removal of firearms and prevention of falls

33
Q

What are three tools you can use to assess alcohol use?

A

Michigan alcohol screening test (MAST)
Cage questionnaire
Alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) 

34
Q

A state of confusion adults that has an abrupt onset?

dementia or delirium

A

Delirium

35
Q

What types of medications are used in dementia?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors such as Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine 

36
Q

What is important to know about cholinesterase inhibitors in regards to the management of dementia and what are the three medications used?

A

They reduce the breakdown of acetylcholine which sustains over level of neurotransmitter in the brain to promote brain function

Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

37
Q

When a patient presents with confusion with the three main differential diagnoses?

A

Delirium and dementia and depression

38
Q

Which of the three differentials of confusion is a medical emergency?

A

Delirium

39
Q

 Confusion that is abrupt in onset but short-lived can indicate what?

A

Transient ischemic attack TIA

40
Q

The presence of a fever can indicate what two things in relation to older adults?

A

Infection or alcohol withdrawal

41
Q

Describe the mini mental state exam

A

Ask what the date is,
have them repeat three words you say
ask them to name an object
Have them read and follow instructions

42
Q

What is the least useful assessment tool used to identify a patient with delirium?

A

The mini mental state examination

43
Q

The sense of smell is often impaired in which confusional state?

A

Dementia

44
Q

Apraxia which is the impaired ability Carriott motor activities despite and talk motor function is associated with which confusional state?

A

Dementia

45
Q

What exam is useful and confirm the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Pet scan also called positron emission tomography scan

46
Q

If the onset of confusion is sudden which confusional state is this associated with, dementia or delirium?

A

Delirium

47
Q

In delirium, the condition is persistent but has not been present for no longer than how long?

A

Than one month

48
Q

The presence of delusions or hallucinations is associated with which confusional state?

A

It is associated with delirium, it can occur in late stage dementia

49
Q

Apraxia, which is the impaired ability to carry out motor activities despite intact motor functions is associated with which confusional state?

A

Is associated with dementia

50
Q

Aphasia which is a language disturbance. Apraxia which is impaired ability to carryout motor activities despite intact motor function. Agnosia is the failure to identify or recognize objects despite intact sensory function are all associated with confusional state

A

Dementia

51
Q

What is aphasia?

A

language disturbance

52
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Impaired ability to carry out motor activity despite intact motor function

53
Q

What is agnosia? 

A

Failure to identify or recognize objects despite into sensory function

54
Q

 What is defined as relieving pain without dealing with the cost of the condition?

A

Palliative

55
Q

What does palliative care focus on?

A

It focuses primarily on anticipating, preventing, diagnosing, and treating SYMPTOMS experienced by patients with a series or life-threatening illness and helping patients and their families make medically important decisions

56
Q



A

PC1-exam 3 (13 decks)

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