Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 Geriatric Giants? (all begin with I)

A
  • Immobility
  • Instability
  • Intellectual Impairment
  • Incontinence
  • Inability to manage ADLs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name some reversible causes of incontinence (5+) mneumonic:

DIAPPERS

A
  • Delirium
  • Infection
  • Atrophic Vaginitis
  • Pharmaceutical
  • Psychological
  • Excess Fluids
  • Restricted Mobility
  • Stool (constipation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Suggest 4 aspects of care that should be considered in a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)?

A
  • medical: e.g. co-morbid, med review, nutrition..
  • mental health: cognition, mood, anxiety/fears
  • functional capacity: ADLs, gait/balance, PS
  • social circumstances: informal carers, social network
  • environment: home safety, facilities, technology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does OPAL stand for? What is their job?

A
  • older person’s assessment and liason team

- evaluate CGA in acute medical inpatients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should you ask about in a falls history? (6+)

A
  • do they know why they’re in hospital
  • any pain? bump to head?
  • loss of consciousness?
  • did you trip? medications?
  • how did you feel before fall? Dizziness? palpitations? light headedness?
  • time on floor?
  • history of falls
  • mobility, home environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Donepazil is a medication used to treat what? What effect can it have on HR?

A

Alzeihmers/Dementia

-slows HR by ~3bpm so can worsen bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a side effect of amlodipine for which some pts are on small doses of furosemide unecessarily?

A

swollen feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is LUTZ e.g. from vaginal prolapse in an elderly person a RF for falls?

A
  • urge/stress incontinence
  • rushing to toilet esp. with poor mobility
  • incontinence could lead to slipping on urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is onychogryphosis?

A

-hypertrophy of the nail bed (v. long toenails)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What describe a brain age-related change that increases the risk of falls:

A

-brain atrophy, loss of neurones, reduced synaptic transmission so slower processing speed and loss of proprioceptive sensitivity and impaired vestibular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What describe a MSK age-related change that increases the risk of falls:

A
  • sarcopenia (loss of skeletal muscle mass) >in legs than arms
  • lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, cervical lordosis postural changes
  • reduced stride length and gait speed and a wide based gait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is presbycussis?

A

Age related bilateral sensory hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 5 age-related changes in the eyes that increases the risk of falls:

A
  • deterioration in static acuity
  • loss of dynamic visual acuity
  • pupil becomes rigid and less elastic
  • lens becomes opaque
  • slow reaction to changes in lighting
  • reduced sensitivity to colour contrast
  • long-sightedness
  • co-morbidities: cataracts, ARMD. glaucoma, retinopathy, stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 4 CVS pathologies/co-morbidities that increase the risk of falls:

A
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • post-prandial hypotension
  • carotid sinus syncope
  • neurocardiogenic syncope
  • arrhythmias
  • valvular heart disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 4 balance/gait co-morbidities that increase risk of falls:

A
  • Stroke
  • Parkinsonism
  • Arthritis
  • Neuropathy
  • Vestibular disease
  • Neuromuscular Disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 2 alpha blockers, why are they problematic in elderly and falls?

A
  • doxazocin
  • tamsulosin
  • postural hypotension
17
Q

Investigations for a pt whose had a fall:

A
  • culture urine
  • ECG - make sure named and dated
  • postural lying/standing BP
  • X-ray e.g. baseline CXR
  • routine bloods
  • U&Es
  • LFTs
18
Q

Name 3 secondary complications following a fall:

A
  • chest infections/HAIs
  • pressure sores
  • dehydration
  • muscle atrophy
  • burns
  • hypothermia
19
Q

Suggest 5 things that will come under a multifactorial risk assessment after a pt has had a fall:

A
  • cognitive impairment, sensory impairment screen
  • syncope risk
  • visual assessment
  • footwear assessment
  • co-morbidity management
  • medication review
  • balance/mobility problems
  • home hazards (OT)
  • falls history
  • continence problems
20
Q

Dementia definition:
A loss of ___ ___ severe enough to ____ with normal ___, lasting >___, not present since birth and not associated with ___/____ of ____

A
  • loss of mental ability
  • interfere with normal ADLs
  • lasting >6months
  • not associated with Loss/Alteration of conciousness
21
Q

Mild cognitive impairment causes cognitive changes that are serious enough to be noticed by the individuals experiencing them/to other people but the changes are __ ___ ___ to ___ with __

A

-not severe enough to interfere with daily life/independent function
NB: these pts have insight

22
Q

Mocha test is used for testing for

A

-dementia

23
Q

Lewy body dementia has a rapid decline, what problems are seen?
NB: if cognitive impairment started before parkinsons = lewy body
-if parkinsons >1yr then cognition falls = parkinson’s dementia

A
  • visuospatial problems
  • behavioural issues
  • hallucinations/delusions
24
Q

A very rapid declining dementia with myoclonic jerks is likely to be the rare type of dementia related to ___

A

CJD

25
Q

In terms of the Mini mental state exam (MMSE) /30 what are the numbers ascribed to Alzheimer’s, used to guide medical rx:

  • mild
  • moderate
  • moderately severe
  • severe
A

MMSE score:

  • mild 21-26
  • moderate 10-20
  • moderately severe 10-14
  • severe <10
26
Q

What should all patients >65 and all pts with confusion have in hospital?

A

AMTS test

27
Q

And what should all patients >75yrs be asked? 2qs?

A
  • Have they been more forgetful in the past 12months

- and the extent to which it has significantly affected their daily life

28
Q

Name 3 reversible causes of confusion (that can be seen on blood tests)

A
  • thyroid problems (e.g thyroid storm, myxoedema coma)
  • folate deficiency, test for vit B12 too as if you treat a b12 deficient pt with folate before b12 will worsen neuro problems
  • hypercalcemia e.g. cancer pts, myeloma pts, dehydrated..
29
Q

Triad of gait ataxia, incontinence and confusion suggests what?

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

30
Q

Delirium screening is done using what test?

A

4AT

31
Q

What does the 4AT screening tool for delirium stand for?

A
  • alertness
  • AMT4
  • Attention
  • Acute change or fluctuating course
32
Q

What are the AMT4 questions?

A
  • Age
  • DOB
  • place
  • Current year
33
Q

How do you assess alertness in the AMT4? What would be abnormal

A
  • ask pt to state their name and address
  • if asleep, attempt to wake with touch on shoulder
  • abnormal if drowsy/agitated
34
Q

How do you assess attention in the AMT4?

A
  • ask pt to tell you the months of year backwards

- 1 prompt allowed

Medicine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions