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PHPY 305 > GERD And Lower GI > Flashcards

GERD And Lower GI Flashcards

1
Q

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) mechanism

A
  • transient lower esophageal relaxation
  • sphincter at the base of the esophagus relaxes
  • this allows acid to reflux back up into the esophagus
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2
Q

D2 antagonist

A

Metoclopramide

Domperidone

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3
Q

Metoclopromide mechanism

A

Effects on the upper GIT:

  • increase lower esophageal sphincter tone
  • increases contractions, gastric emptying (moves food out of the stomach faster)
  • inhibits chemoreceptor trigger zone (anti-nauseant)
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4
Q

Metoclopromide side effects

A
  • Pseudoparkinsonism

- Hyperprolactinemia

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5
Q

Domperidone mechanisms and AE’s

A
  • Same effects as Metoclopromide
  • Works outside the CNS, therefore no movement disorders
  • Hyperprolactinemia
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6
Q

Motilin agonist

A

Erythromycin

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7
Q

Erythromycin mechanism

A
  • stimulates peristalsis by stimulating the motilin receptor
  • can therefore use this side effect as a beneficial effect to increase GI motility
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8
Q

Serotonin agonist

A

Prucalopride

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9
Q

Prucalopride mechanism

A

Stimulates peristalsis via 5HT-4

-

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10
Q

Prucalopride side effects

A

Nausea
Diarrhea
Abdominal Cramps

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11
Q

Disorders of the lower GI tract (4)

A

Diarrhea
Constipation
Inflammation
Irritation

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12
Q

Treating Diarrhea

A

Opioid agonists
Act on mu receptors, decrease peristalsis
- Loperamide

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13
Q

Why does loperamide have minimal CNS Mu effects?

A

Loperamide has limited ability to cross the blood brain barrier

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14
Q

Loperamide side effects

A 
Constipation 
High (toxic) doses: Arrhythmia
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15
Q

Laxatives categories (6)

A 
Bulk
Osmotic
Stimulant
Softeners 
Opioid antagonists
Other
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16
Q

Bulk Laxative example

A

Fibre

17
Q

Fibre (Psyllium) mechanism

A

Pulls water into the stool, increase in bulk leads to increase in peristalsis

18
Q

Osmotic examples

A

Polyethylene glycol

Magnesium hydroxide

19
Q

Osmotic’s mechanism

A

Pulls water into the colon

20
Q

Stimulant examples

A

Bisacodyl

Sennosides

21
Q

Stimulant’s mechanism

A

Directly stimulate the colon, increasing peristalsis

22
Q

Softener example

A

Docusate

23
Q

Softeners mechanism

A

Emollient effect
Enhances secretion of intestinal fluids
However, all mush, no push

24
Q

Softeners side effects

A

Mild GI cramping

25
Q

Opioid antagonists example

A

Methylnaltrexone

26
Q

Methylnaltrexone mechanism

A
  • like naltrexone but polar, so does not cross into the CNS

- blocks peripheral opioid receptors, no impact on pain

27
Q

Opioid Antagonists side effects

A

Diarrhea
Nausea
Cramps

28
Q

cGMP agonist

A

Linaclotide

29
Q

Linaclotide mechanism

A

Intestinal secretagogue

  • increases intestinal secretions
  • reduces transmission of pain signals
30
Q

cGMP agonist side effects

A

Diarrhea

PHPY 305 (14 decks)

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