GERD

Question 1

Which type of societies have GERD as a common disease and who are more prone men or women to it?

Answer 1

Western

Common in men 2:1 women

Question 2

Which age group does GERD occur in?

Answer 2

In all age groups

Question 3

What is GERD?

Answer 3

Back flow of acid-containing gastric secretions or bile and acid-containing secretions from the duodenum and stomach into the oesophagus

Question 4

Which body tissue is most involved in GERD?

Answer 4

Lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS)

Question 5

What foods can cause temporary relaxation of LOS?

Answer 5

coffee
alcohol
chocolate
fatty meals

Question 6

What other things can cause temporary relaxation of LOS?

Answer 6

medications (Ca Blockers and nitrates)
hormones (progesterone)
nicotine

Question 7

Why is GERD compared to a plumbing circuit? What components are involved.

Answer 7

Oesophagus functions as an antegrade pump, LES as a valve, and the stomach as a reservoir

Question 8

What causes during GERD?

Answer 8

When there is a problem in any one of the “plumbing” components.

Oesophagus:
Poor motility decreases clearance of acidic material.

LES:
A dysfunctional allows reflux of large amounts of gastric juice.

Stomach:
Delayed emptying can increase volume and pressure until the valve mechanism is defeated, leading to GERD.

Question 9

What are some complications of GERD on the oesophagus?

Answer 9

Inflammation 
Peptic ulcer 
Stricture
Adenocarcinoma
Barrett oesophagus

Question 10

What are some symptoms of GERD?

Answer 10

• Heartburn
• Regurgitation
• Dysphagia
• Coughing and/or wheezing
• Hoarseness, sore throat
• Otitis media
• Chest pain
• Enamel erosion or other dental manifestations