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Geopolitics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments?

A

Geography

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2
Q

What is the study of the effects of Earth’s geography on politics and international relations.

A

Geopolitics

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3
Q

What is the study of how projection of power (ideological, cultural, economic, or military) is affected and affected by the geographical and political landscape in which it operates.

A

Geopolitics

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4
Q

Who said “Whoever rules the waves, rules the world”?

A

Mahan

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5
Q

Who said “ Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland; who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island; who rules the World-Island commands the world”?

A

Mackinder

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6
Q

Who said “Who controls the Rimland rules Eurasia; who rules Eurasia controls the destinies of the world”?

A

Spykman

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7
Q

Who is Alfred Thayer Mahan

A

(1840-1914)

US Navy Captain (active career); Rear Admiral (post retirement); President, Naval War College (1886 - 1889; 1892-1893)

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8
Q

Who detailed the importance of Naval Power as a factor in the rise of the British empire?

A

Alfred Thayer Mahan

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8
Q

Who stated Britain’s emergence as the world’s dominant military, political, and economic power was tied to their control of the seas?

A

Alfred Thayer Mahan

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8
Q

Who argued for restoration of US naval power in order to secure trade interests?

A

Alfred Thayer Mahan

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9
Q

Who was considered one of the “father’s of geopolitics”?

A

Sir Halford Mackinder

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10
Q

Who emphasized the Heartland Theory?

A

Sir Halford Mackinder

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11
Q

What theory posited that controlling the vast Eurasian landmass (the Heartland) would lead to global dominance?

A

Heartland Theory

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12
Q

Who posited the need to limit Russian expansion into Western Europe?

A

Sir Halford Mackinder

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13
Q

What theory emphasized coastal areas as pivotal?

A

Rimland Theory

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14
Q

What concept highlighted territorial expansion driven by geographical imperatives?

A

Lebensraum (living space)

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15
Q

Who introduced the concept of Lebensraum?

A

Friedrich Ratzel

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16
Q

Who argued that Britain’s reliance on sea power would become a weakness as land transport (railroads) opened Eurasia up to invasion and/or industrialization?

A

Sir Halford Mackinder

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17
Q

Who was considered the “godfather of containment theory”

A

NIcholas Spykman (1893-1943)

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18
Q

What is the Rimland Theory?

A

Focus on the coastal areas as pivotal. Counter to Heartland Theory.

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18
Q

Who introduced the Rimland Theory?

A

Nicholas Spykman (1893-1943)

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19
Q

Who argued to leave Germany strong enough to counter Russian power following WWII?

A

Nicholas Spykman

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20
Q

Who advanced the idea that the Eurasian struggle was not the sea powers containing the Heartland, but the prevention of any power ruling the Rimland?

A

Nicholas Spykman

21
Q

Who was an American Political Scientist and Professor at Yale?

A

Nicholas Spykman

22
Who was the National Security Advisor from 1969-1975 and the SECSTATE from 1973-1977?
Henry Kissinger
23
Who introduced the Balance of Power Diplomacy?
Henry Kissinger
24
What was Kissinger's Realpolitik approach?
Understanding the world as it is, rather than how one might wish it to be. It prioritized power dynamics, balance and negotiation to manage global affairs effectively.
25
What is detente
an easing of tensions
26
What did Kissinger's triangular diplomacy involve
Engaging China to counterbalance the Soviet Union.
27
What is Soft Power?
Beyond military might, soft power - cultural influence, diplomacy, and economic strength - play a crucial role. Nations project power through media, education, and cultural exports.
28
What is Material Power?
The capacity of a country to wage war based upon the size, industrial strength, military capability, and education of citizenry.
29
What is Relational Power?
Positional view of a strong nation with respect to a weaker one that enables one nation to "force.
30
What is Ideological Power?
The need to find meaning, to find norms and values, and to participate in ritual practices with others. The ability to make others follow your agenda willingly without considering alternatives.
31
What are the mitigation strategies?
Containment and Deterrence
32
What is containment?
The action of keeping something harmful under control or within limits.
33
What is deterrence?
The action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
34
What are the five physical geography domains?
CHOMT - Climatology, Hydrology, Oceanography, Meteorology, Topography
35
What is Physical Geography?
the processes and patterns in the air, land, maritime, and space domains.
36
What is Human Geography?
It deals with humans and their relationships with communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across locations.
37
What is Topography?
Detailed description of the arrangement of natural and artificial physical features of an area.
38
What is Hydrology?
Study of the Earth's water, particularly of water on or under the ground BEFORE it reaches the ocean or BEFORE it evaporates into the air.
39
What is Oceanography?
Study of oceans with particular attention on ocean currents, waves, fluid dynamics, plate tectonics, and changes of various chemical compositions and physical properties within the ocean and across it's boundaries.
39
What is Climatology?
The study of the atmosphere and how it changes over time allowing individuals to better understand atmospheric conditions that cause weather patterns and temperature changes over time. It is STRATEGIC!
40
What is Meteorology?
The study of the atmosphere, atmospheric phenomena, and atmospheric effects on our weather. It is TACTICAL!
41
In Human Geography, What is PMESII?
P - Political M - Military E - Economic S - Social I - Information I - Infrastructure
42
What is Maritime Domain?
All areas and things OF, ON, UNDER, RELATING TO, ADJACENT TO, or BORDERING on the sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyance.
43
Name the Global bodies of water
North and South Pacific Ocean North and South Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Mediterranean Sea Sea of Marmara Black Sea Sea of Azov North Sea Baltic Sea Gulf of Bothnia Norwegian Sea Barents Sea White Sea Kara Sea Laplev Sea East Siberian Sea Chukchi Sea Beaufort Sea Bering Sea Sea of Okhotsk Sea of Japan Yellow Sea East China Sea South China Sea Java Sea Andaman Sea Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea Gulf of Oman Suez Canal Persian Gulf Caspian Sea Gulf of Aden Red Sea Philippine Sea Celebes Sea Flores Sea Timor Sea Coral Sea Baffin Bay Hudson Bay Labrador Sea Gulf of St. Lawrence Scotia Sea
44
What are Maritime Choke Points?
Strategic, narrow passages connecting two larger areas to one another. When it comes to maritime trade, these are typically straits or canals that see high volumes of traffic because of their optimal location.
45
What are the major canals and straits?
Panama Canal Strait of Gibraltar Suez Canal Bab el-Mandeb Strait Strait of Hormuz Strait of Malacca Luzon Strait Bering Strait Straits of Florida Turkish Straits (Dardenelles and Bosphorous) Danish Straits
46
What are the primary Choke Points?
Strait of Gibralter Turkish Straits (Dardenelles and Bosphorous) Suez Canal Bab el-Mandeb strait Cape of Good Hope Strait of Hormuz Strait of Malacca Panama Canal
47
30% of all oil traded on the world's oceans passes through which strait?
Strait of Hormuz
48
What is Asia's primary choke point, accounting for 25% of all traded goods and a third of all seaborne oil?
Strait of Malacca
49
Which passage point isn't subject to the same geopolitical risks as it's counterparts in the Middle East? received a $5.4 billion expansion which tripled the size of ships that can pass through.
Panama Canal
50
What are the global maritime shipping routes of strategic interest?
through English Channel, Strait of Malacca, Panama Canal, Suez Canal, Strait of Gibraltar
51
What is Geopolitical Determinism
The belief that geography significantly shapes a nation’s destiny.

TPET (2 decks)

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