Geopolitic

Question 1

À quoi sert la geopolitics

Answer 1

Study of how geography affects international relations

Question 2

Types d’interactions entre gvts

Answer 2

Sate actors (acteur gouvernemental) = individuals, companies

Nonstate actors = organization

Lea 2 avec respect de l’économie, finance et activités politiques

Question 3

Cooperative vs non cooperative

Answer 3

Dépend des interest national, priorités influenced by geophysical resources

Question 4

What include cooperation

Answer 4

Trade flow, capital flows, échange d’infos, culture and information

Soft power = influence without force

Question 5

Globalisation (non state actor)

Answer 5

Worldwide integration of economic activity and cultures, on échange avec les autres pays

Question 6

Nationalism

Answer 6

C’est anti globalization, pursue national interest, indépendant des autres pays, on reste chez nous, produit chez nous, empêche les autres de venir produire chez nous

Question 7

+ globalization

Answer 7

• increase profit, more export, cheaper imports
• increases access to resources (main d’œuvre et équipement), plus d’opportunités d’investissement
• improved standard of living
• reduce probabilité of military et economic conflits

Question 8

• globalization

Answer 8

• Unequal financial gains
• exposure to supply chain disruptions, cree pénurie (ex pandémie arrêt de prix en Asie, guerre) trop de dépenses dans autres pays peut entraîner coupure prod ailleurs
• exploitaient of worker and environment
• greater espoused to geopolitical risk

Question 9

Autarky

Answer 9

Non coopération and nationalism; goal of self reliance, producing domestically,
Low/no external trade or capital flows, state ownership of strategic industries

Question 10

Hegemony

Answer 10

Non coopération and globalization:

Open to global trade, influence, state control of key exports. Ex Chine, les pays avec influence n’ont pas besoin de coopérer au niveau politiquer et gvt avec les autres, car ce sont eux qui dictent les règles

Question 11

Multilateralism

Answer 11

Cooperation and globalization;

Integrated globally, many trading parteners, rules standardization,

Bcp les “autres” pays, on s’aide bcp, entente avec les autres pays

Question 12

Bilateralism

Answer 12

Cooperation and nationalism;

Significant cooperation with one other country, limited trade and capital flows with others

Moins coopérant au niveau national, pas bcp d’échange. Petites ententes avec un seul pays

Question 13

Non state actors

Answer 13

More orientated toward globalization Than gvt

Business looking outside their home courtyard for profit, to reduce costs and sell to new markets

Investors seek to diversify outside their home country

Capital flows: portfolio investments flows = buying and selling foreign securities

Foreign direct investment: physical production capacity in other countrie

Question 14

Geopolitical risk

Answer 14

Event risk: vélocité arrive vite, timing is known, outcome unknown. On sait qu’il y a un risque mais ne connaît pas le résultat

Exogenous risk velocity arrive vite, timing and outcome unanticipated. Aucun contrôle

Thematic risk: velocity arrive lent, known factors having effect over long periods

Question 15

Estimating geopolitical risk

Answer 15

Probabilité: likehood (chaque que ça arrive)
Magnitude: impact of risk
Velocity: speed of impact

Cooperative and globalisez countries have a lower risk of armed conflict but higher risk to supply chain disruptions

Question 16

Tools of geopolitics

Answer 16

National security tools: armed conflict, espionage, bilateral et multilatéral agrément, alliance

Economic tools; can be cooperative or not, includes free trade monetary areas, common markets, economic, Monetary unions = empêcher trop dexprotsjroms vers certains pays

Financial tools; foreign investment and exchange of currencies