Geopolitic Flashcards
À quoi sert la geopolitics
Study of how geography affects international relations
Types d’interactions entre gvts
Sate actors (acteur gouvernemental) = individuals, companies
Nonstate actors = organization
Lea 2 avec respect de l’économie, finance et activités politiques
Cooperative vs non cooperative
Dépend des interest national, priorités influenced by geophysical resources
What include cooperation
Trade flow, capital flows, échange d’infos, culture and information
Soft power = influence without force
Globalisation (non state actor)
Worldwide integration of economic activity and cultures, on échange avec les autres pays
Nationalism
C’est anti globalization, pursue national interest, indépendant des autres pays, on reste chez nous, produit chez nous, empêche les autres de venir produire chez nous
+ globalization
- increase profit, more export, cheaper imports
- increases access to resources (main d’œuvre et équipement), plus d’opportunités d’investissement
- improved standard of living
- reduce probabilité of military et economic conflits
- globalization
- Unequal financial gains
- exposure to supply chain disruptions, cree pénurie (ex pandémie arrêt de prix en Asie, guerre) trop de dépenses dans autres pays peut entraîner coupure prod ailleurs
- exploitaient of worker and environment
- greater espoused to geopolitical risk
Autarky
Non coopération and nationalism; goal of self reliance, producing domestically,
Low/no external trade or capital flows, state ownership of strategic industries
Hegemony
Non coopération and globalization:
Open to global trade, influence, state control of key exports. Ex Chine, les pays avec influence n’ont pas besoin de coopérer au niveau politiquer et gvt avec les autres, car ce sont eux qui dictent les règles
Multilateralism
Cooperation and globalization;
Integrated globally, many trading parteners, rules standardization,
Bcp les “autres” pays, on s’aide bcp, entente avec les autres pays
Bilateralism
Cooperation and nationalism;
Significant cooperation with one other country, limited trade and capital flows with others
Moins coopérant au niveau national, pas bcp d’échange. Petites ententes avec un seul pays
Non state actors
More orientated toward globalization Than gvt
Business looking outside their home courtyard for profit, to reduce costs and sell to new markets
Investors seek to diversify outside their home country
Capital flows: portfolio investments flows = buying and selling foreign securities
Foreign direct investment: physical production capacity in other countrie
Geopolitical risk
Event risk: vélocité arrive vite, timing is known, outcome unknown. On sait qu’il y a un risque mais ne connaît pas le résultat
Exogenous risk velocity arrive vite, timing and outcome unanticipated. Aucun contrôle
Thematic risk: velocity arrive lent, known factors having effect over long periods
Estimating geopolitical risk
Probabilité: likehood (chaque que ça arrive)
Magnitude: impact of risk
Velocity: speed of impact
Cooperative and globalisez countries have a lower risk of armed conflict but higher risk to supply chain disruptions
Tools of geopolitics
National security tools: armed conflict, espionage, bilateral et multilatéral agrément, alliance
Economic tools; can be cooperative or not, includes free trade monetary areas, common markets, economic, Monetary unions = empêcher trop d’exportations vers certains pays
Financial tools; foreign investment and exchange of currencies
