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Philosophy and Geography > Geophilosophy > Flashcards

Geophilosophy Flashcards

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1
Q

What does geophilosophy highlight as a central dimension to D&G’s thinking?

A
  • Highlights the geocentrism as a central dimension of their thinking
  • Geophilosophy as a style of thinking that is connected to the “geo”; but the geo is open to interpretation
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2
Q

How does geophilosophy reorientate philosophical thought?

A

Reorientating philosophical thought from concentrating on temporality and historicity towards focusing on spatiality and geography (Menatti, 2015)

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3
Q

What does the term geophilosophy harker back to for D&G?

A

The term harks back to D&G’s attempt to refound philosophy as materialist, earthly and spatial (Bonta and Protevi, 2004)

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4
Q

How is Geophilosophy immanent for Woodward (2017)?

A
  • Immanent as to be attuned to the way change arise internal to phenomena
  • “Subject and object give a poor approximation of thought” (WIP: 85) -> thinking takes place in the relationship of territory and the earth
  • Use of system of spatially distributed concepts, each of which is immanent to its complex situations
  • Geophilosophy explores the plane of immanence; it thus ‘maps’ the range of connections a thing is capable of it, its ‘becomings’ or ‘affects’
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5
Q

How is Geophilosophy transversal for Woodward (2017)?

A
  • Transversal in the sense that phenomena combined of combination of relations; connected
  • No formal structure; linearity (aversion to historical progress of reason); “and” as a philosophical intervention
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6
Q

How is Geophilosophy differential for Woodward (2017)?

A
  • Differential in the sense that it attends to the variance that exists in the world
  • Virtual (real but not present) vs. Actual (tangible)
  • D&G want you to think between the virtual and actual
  • This in-between facilitates a theoretical nature of geophilosophy that allows for infinite theoretical variations through redeployments and many applications of D&G in geography
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7
Q

How does Geophilosophy usher in a New Earth for Woodward (2017)?

A
  • New Earth as it is an Earth yet to come
  • D&G seeking to follow Nietzsche in “being true to the earth”
    • But as their notion of truth is always ethical and performative, requires constructing a new earth
  • Philosophy as a creative act
  • Allow us to navigate the unique complexities of the world we live in
  • Greeks brought about the plane of immanence, but we cannot use their concepts anymore (they are outdated)
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8
Q

What are the four main dimensions to geophilosophy for Woodward (2017)?

A
  1. Immanent
  2. Transversal
  3. Differential
  4. New Earth
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9
Q

How does geophilosophy offer a revolutionary dimension of philosophy?

A

Geophilosophy offers a revolutionary dimension of a philosophy capable of thinking in terms of contingency and difference: a differential political thinking

(Woodward, 2017)

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10
Q

What are the two schools of thought that have radically different ideas of how the earth operates compared to Geophilosophy?

A
  • Frankfurt School (Domination of Nature Thesis)
    • Nature as chaotic
    • Modernist approach that imposes social codes onto nature
  • Production of Nature Thesis
    • Nature we know is historically produced by historical mode of production in which its produced
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11
Q

For Deleuze what is philosophy?

A

Philosophy for Deleuze is “the art of forming, inventing and fabricating concepts” (WIP: 2)

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12
Q

What does the philosopher do?

A

The philosopher “invents and thinks the Concepts’ (WIP: 3)

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13
Q

How does a concept have a becoming?

A
  • Concepts has a becoming insofar that involves relationships with concepts situated on the same plane
  • They link up, support, coordinate and articulate together
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14
Q

On what plane do concepts sit?

A
  • All concepts sit on the plane of immanence
  • Concepts are like multiple waves, rising and falling, but the plane of immanence is the single wave that rolls them up and unrolls (WIP: 36)
  • Concepts are events, but the plane is the horizon of events
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15
Q

How do D&G distinguish between philosophy and science?

A
  • D&G distinguish between philosophy as the creation of concepts on a plane of immanence and science as the creation of functions on a plane of reference (Bonta and Protevi, 2004)
  • Proposed way of dealing with high-dimension phenomena within social systems
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16
Q

What is philosophy’s highest call?

A

The creation of concepts that summon us to new opportunities or that make us aware of events that promise a ‘new Earth’

17
Q

How do the ‘Events of May 68’ show an example of distinguishing between philosophy and science?

A
  • May 1986 brought together students and workers in a complex unexpected heterogenous assemblage to the befuddlement of the stablished guardians of the revolution of the French Communist party
  • When dealing with these events, philosophy needs to construct concepts that allow us to see, feel, live a new life on the basis of the becomings of the event
  • Social-scientific attempt to construct causal chains that would explain the events on a plane of reference

Bonta and Protevi (2004)

18
Q

What is the point in showing the difference between philosophy and science through the Events of 68?

A
  • The point here is not that science is inferior to philosophy as a mode of creative thought
  • Science travels a line ‘downward’ from virtual multiplicity of all a society can be to what French society has become
  • Philosophy looks to move ‘upward’ from actual changes French society has undergone to the virtual multiplicity of all that a society can be
    • Call for an experiment that will create a new society
    • Along untold lines of flight
19
Q

What is geohistory for Braudel?

A
  • Geohistory would be an attempt to address human problems as spread out in space and if possible charted in the form of a map to produce a “meaningful human geography”
  • Detachment of geography from the present and forcing to rethink past realities and what one could call the becomings of history
  • In short, geohistory (rather than natural history) is the human history of the earth; a history inextricably intertwined with the earth
20
Q

How is geophilosophy in WIP similar to geohistory?

A
  • Geophilosophy in WIP is a philosophy of the earth in a similar way to that geohistory is the history of the earth
  • Operates at a geographical and mental milieu that liberaltes the possibilities for all human activities
21
Q

Where does one start with geophilosophy?

A

One starts in the middle – in a place – and researches outward, finding out things that may or may not be ‘applicable’ elsewhere, but that can’t necessarily be understood in terms of elsewhere (Bonta and Protevi, 2004)

22
Q

How can the earth be viewed in relation to deterritorialisation?

A

“The earth as a constant movement of deterritorialisation: it is deterritorialising and deterritorialised”

23
Q

How does the earth bring the elements together?

A
  • The earth brings together all the elements within a single embrace while using one or another one of them to deterritorialise territory
  • Remined of the fourfold conceptualised by Heidegger and within this reading is possible to interpret deterritorialisation as a form of Heideggerian disappropriation
24
Q

How does D&G’s philosophy bring philosophy down to earth in a paradoxical way\?

A
  • It is paradoxically earth as we do not know it though
  • Important to keep in mind that the earth (la terre) is characterised as the deterritorialised par excellence
  • In other words, as an earth liberated from any particular territory it is a highly abstract earth
25
Q

How does Deleuze reinterpret “line of flight”

A

“Line of flight” reinterpreted by Deleuze form the arts to place emphasis on “flight” and makes fleeing a positive, creative activity

(Gasche, 2014)

26
Q

How can deterritorialisation be related to “line of flight”?

A
  • Thus, deterritorialisation can loosely be defined as consisting in a “line of flight” in the creative evasion from a territory to opening up toward an outside
  • Turns away from “the fixed powers which try to hold us back, the established powers of the earth” (ATP)
27
Q

Why are there many senses of deterritorialisation for D&G?

A

Since there are all sorts of territories to leave and from which to abstract

28
Q

What do D&G mean when “the earth constantly carries out a movement of deterritorialisation on the spot” (WIP: 85)?

A
  • The earth de-particularises on the spot any territory and raises it to the level of generality
  • These movements of de/reterritorialisation are essentially complementary movement of operations of clearing a ground and of laying a foundation
  • The earth is the result of movement of liberation from territories
29
Q

How is the earth deterritorialised onto Greece?

A
  • It is the deterritorialised as such, but at the same time of occurring, the earth (as the absolute and universal ground of philosophy) is reterritorialised again onto Greece
  • Onto a territory that is no longer a natural given but presupposes a priordeterritorialisation
30
Q

What does instituting the earth as an absolute ground mean for philosophy?

A

By instituting earth as an absolute ground, philosophy is fundamentally geo-philosophy

31
Q

How does Deleuze describe a line of becoming

A
  • “A line of becoming has neither beginning nor end, departure nor arrival, origin nor destination…a line of becoming has only a middle” (ATP: 293)
    • Methodological task is thus to enter the middle; the between

Philosophy and Geography (7 decks)

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