Geomorphology Flashcards
Types of horizontally layered landscapes
Hilly landscapes, basaltic plateaus, canyon landscapes and karoo landscapes
Characteristics of Hilly Landscapes
Slopes are gentle and rounded, rainfall causes mass wasting, soil layers are thick and fine grained
Characteristics of Basaltic Plateaus
Caused by built up of lava flowing through long narrow cracks in the ground.
Characteristics of Canyon Landscapes
Layers erode at different rates, Resistant rocks form steep cliffs and less resistant rocks from more gentle slopes
Characteristics of Karoo Landscapes
Plateaus are protected by dolerite.
What is a scarp retreat
Known as back wasting where lateral erosion occurs
Types of hills
Mesa, butte, conical hill
2 types of buttes
Teebus and koffiebus
What are inclined layered rocks
Inclined strata are layers of rocks below the earth’s surface which dip or tilt at an angle
Example of inclined strata
Homoclinal ridges
Types of slopes of Homoclinal ridge
Dip slope and Scarp slope
How are homoclinal ridges classified
cuestas (layers dip at 10 to 25 degrees) Homoclinal ridges ( 25 to 45 degrees) Hogsback ridges ( DIp slope is very steep)
Intrusive bodies associated with massive igneous rocks
Batholith, Laccolith, Lopolith, Dyke , Sill
What are tors?
Heap of partially rounded boulders called core stones.
What is mass movement?
Mass movement is the movement of weathered materials down a slope.