Geomorphology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Geomorphology dependent on?

A

Reoccurrence intervals and recovery time

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2
Q

What is Weathering?

A

Physical break down and chemical alteration of minerals

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3
Q

What is Chemical Weathering?

A

Destruction of unstable substances, forming stable ones

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4
Q

What are examples of chemical weathering?

A

Oxidation, hydration, hydrolysis, ion exchange

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5
Q

What is Saprolite?

A

Chemically altered rock

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6
Q

What is Regolith?

A

Broken down rock

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7
Q

When are minerals most stable?

A

When there are in a low temperature, and exposed to low pressures. They are most resistant to weathering consequently

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8
Q

What is Physical Weathering?

A

The break down of rock into smaller pieces

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9
Q

What are examples of physical weathering?

A

Unloading, hydration, thermal expansion, salt growth

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10
Q

What is erosion?

A

Removal of rock or regolith from the earth’s surface

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11
Q

What are the two types of erosion?

A

Continuous - occurs in the grass

Episodic - big slides

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12
Q

What is mass wasting?

A

The downslope movement of a hill

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13
Q

What are the two types of mass wasting stresses?

A

Shear stress - diagonal outwards

Normal Stress - diagonal inwards

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14
Q

What is mass movement defined by?

A

Defined by material and movement

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15
Q

What is Talus?

A

Coarse, angular debris

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16
Q

What is characteristic of sheer materials?

A

Need water (sliding materials)

17
Q

What is creep?

A

Expansion and Contraction of soil particles

18
Q

What is creep dependent on?

19
Q

What are the factors that increase running water?

A

velocity, discharge, channel size

20
Q

What are the factors that decrease running water?

A

Gradient and channel roughness

21
Q

What are the two types of flow?

A

Laminar: Smooth
Turbulent: Rough

22
Q

What is velocity?

A

Proportional to the cross-sectional area of a slope + resistance

23
Q

What is stream power proportional to?

A

Discharge x slope

24
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Wearing away of the rock sediment with sediment

25
What is plucking?
The removal and transportation of bedrock
26
What are knick points?
Over steep sections of a river
27
What is competence?
Maximum grain size that a river can carry
28
What is capacity?
Total load of a river
29
What is the percentage of dominant discharge of a river?
90%
30
What is aggradation?
Continued filling of sediment
31
What is a delta?
Depositional progradation of shorelines at a rivers mouth
32
What channels have low sinuosity and step pools?
Straight Channels
33
What channels have high sinuosity and erosion?
Meandering channels
34
What channels have wide flood plains which are rapidly adjusting?
Braided Channels
35
What channels are separated by stable islands?
Anastomosing Channels