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Environmental Science 111 > Geomorphology > Flashcards

Geomorphology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Geomorphology dependent on?

A

Reoccurrence intervals and recovery time

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2
Q

What is Weathering?

A

Physical break down and chemical alteration of minerals

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3
Q

What is Chemical Weathering?

A

Destruction of unstable substances, forming stable ones

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4
Q

What are examples of chemical weathering?

A

Oxidation, hydration, hydrolysis, ion exchange

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5
Q

What is Saprolite?

A

Chemically altered rock

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6
Q

What is Regolith?

A

Broken down rock

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7
Q

When are minerals most stable?

A

When there are in a low temperature, and exposed to low pressures. They are most resistant to weathering consequently

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8
Q

What is Physical Weathering?

A

The break down of rock into smaller pieces

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9
Q

What are examples of physical weathering?

A

Unloading, hydration, thermal expansion, salt growth

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10
Q

What is erosion?

A

Removal of rock or regolith from the earth’s surface

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11
Q

What are the two types of erosion?

A

Continuous - occurs in the grass

Episodic - big slides

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12
Q

What is mass wasting?

A

The downslope movement of a hill

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13
Q

What are the two types of mass wasting stresses?

A

Shear stress - diagonal outwards

Normal Stress - diagonal inwards

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14
Q

What is mass movement defined by?

A

Defined by material and movement

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15
Q

What is Talus?

A

Coarse, angular debris

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16
Q

What is characteristic of sheer materials?

A

Need water (sliding materials)

17
Q

What is creep?

A

Expansion and Contraction of soil particles

18
Q

What is creep dependent on?

A

Climate

19
Q

What are the factors that increase running water?

A

velocity, discharge, channel size

20
Q

What are the factors that decrease running water?

A

Gradient and channel roughness

21
Q

What are the two types of flow?

A

Laminar: Smooth
Turbulent: Rough

22
Q

What is velocity?

A

Proportional to the cross-sectional area of a slope + resistance

23
Q

What is stream power proportional to?

A

Discharge x slope

24
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Wearing away of the rock sediment with sediment

25
Q

What is plucking?

A

The removal and transportation of bedrock

26
Q

What are knick points?

A

Over steep sections of a river

27
Q

What is competence?

A

Maximum grain size that a river can carry

28
Q

What is capacity?

A

Total load of a river

29
Q

What is the percentage of dominant discharge of a river?

A

90%

30
Q

What is aggradation?

A

Continued filling of sediment

31
Q

What is a delta?

A

Depositional progradation of shorelines at a rivers mouth

32
Q

What channels have low sinuosity and step pools?

A

Straight Channels

33
Q

What channels have high sinuosity and erosion?

A

Meandering channels

34
Q

What channels have wide flood plains which are rapidly adjusting?

A

Braided Channels

35
Q

What channels are separated by stable islands?

A

Anastomosing Channels

Environmental Science 111 (10 decks)

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