Geomorphology - 2

Question 1

Church

Answer 1

1996

Question 2

Church, 1996

Answer 2

In geomorphology the 19th century ended in 1950

*post 1950 development of process response approach

Question 3

Process response example

Answer 3

Barchan dune

Question 4

What is the process in sand dune formation

Answer 4

Sand flux

Question 5

What is the form in sand dune formation

Answer 5

Length, width, height, dune velocity

Question 6

What is geomorphology scales concerned with

Answer 6

With phenomena spanning on vast Spatial and temporal scales

Question 7

Geologic memory

Answer 7

Controls exerted upon relief, erodibility, erosivity and accommodation space (areas in landscapes where sediments are stored and reworked)

Question 8

Climatic memory

Answer 8

Influence of past climatic conditions upon contemporary landscape forms and processes

Question 9

Anthropogenic memory

Answer 9

Imprint of past human activities on contemporary landscapes

Whereby human disturbances in the past altered landscape forms, processes and associated flows/sediment fluxes in a manner that continues to affect the way the contemporary landscape works

Question 10

Ahnert

Answer 10

1981

Question 11

Ahnert, 1981

Answer 11

Geomorphological change and scale

-graph time and size, linear relationship

Question 12

What was a turning point For geomorphology, 1950s paradigm

Answer 12

Triggered by the inability to understand time scales of observable processes with the spatial scale landscapes

Question 13

10-3 year and 10-3 km

Answer 13

Normal human perception

E.g. scale of entrainment and transport of individual sand grains over a dune crest

Can not predict exactly how far or when but can give it a probability

Question 14

10^-2years and 10^2

Answer 14

Life time

Cause and effect applied
Predict size and movement (form and process)
According to spacing, sediment supply and shape from wind flow

Question 15

10^1 to 10^4 years and metres

Answer 15

Landscapes at a scale necessary to think about past climate change and exogenous constraints

Can’t understand landforms just by the operation of present day processes

Sand ramps

Question 16

> 10^4 years and meters

Answer 16

Too few examples to follow normative rules

Question 17

10^7 year and way below a metre

Answer 17

Below normal human perception

Models do not work
No physical or functional understanding

Question 18

Time and space example

Answer 18

River

• understand river processes
• exists in a valley, knowledge of climate change
• exists in a landscape, use history of plate tectonics

Question 19

Concepts of hierarchy and connectivity

Answer 19

E.g Drainage basin

Each level of drainage basin hierarchy includes the cumulative effects of lower levels of the hierarchy plus some new considerations, called emergent properties

Question 20

1996

Answer 20

Church

Question 21

Church,1996

Answer 21

Small timescale observation, result in predictions from models to understand long term processes

Question 22

1985

Answer 22

Schummm

Question 23

Schumer, 1985

Answer 23

Older and larger landforms are not independent and separate from small short-lives landforms

Question 24

Hugget

Answer 24

2011

Question 25

Hugget, 2011

Answer 25

As size and age of landforms increase, present conditions can explain fewer of its properties

Form = variables that interrelate in a system origin or function

Process = interconnected pathways it’s transport energy or matter

Question 26

2009

Answer 26

Tucker

Question 27

Tucker, 2009

Answer 27

Conceptual landscape models

Increase in modelling if systems CSDMs with computing and topographic data has helped revolutionise landform measurements change and dynamics