Geomorphology - 1

Question 1

What is geomorphology

Answer 1

An ancient discipline

Question 2

What is Aristotle’s idea

Answer 2

Idea of changing places land and sea

Question 3

18th and 19th Century believed …

Answer 3

In the instantaneous creation of Earth and its features

Question 4

Playfair

Answer 4

1802

Question 5

1802

Answer 5

Playfair

Question 6

Playfair, 1802

Answer 6

Landforms shaped by slow continuous flow of water eroding land

Uniformitarianism

Question 7

Lyell

Answer 7

1830

Question 8

1830

Answer 8

Lyell

Question 9

Lyell, 1830

Answer 9

Principles of geology

Question 10

Berhadi

Answer 10

1832

Question 11

Bernhadi, 1832

Answer 11

First evidence of glaciation

Question 12

Darwin

Answer 12

Social, economic and hillslope evolution

Idea that things evolve over time

Question 13

William Morris Davis

Answer 13

1889

Question 14

Davis, 1889

Answer 14

Created the geographical cycle
- youth, maturity, old, peneplain

Approach refined over the next 50 year’s

Doesn’t involve the concept of climate change

Question 15

Powell

Answer 15

1875

Question 16

Powell, 1875

Answer 16

Created the concept of base level, the lowest elevation at which a stream can erode

Question 17

Gilbert

Answer 17

1877

Question 18

Gilbert, 1877

Answer 18

Developed the description of weathering and erosion

Identified steady state model and concept of equilibrium

Question 19

1941

Answer 19

Bagnold

Question 20

Bagnold, 1941

Answer 20

Developed equations used for the physics of landscapes

Sediment transportation

Question 21

Horton

Answer 21

1945

Question 22

Horton, 1945

Answer 22

Horntons law - stream orders and channels

Hydro physical approach to morphology

Question 23

Strahler

Answer 23

1952

Question 24

Strahler, 1952

Answer 24

Dynamics basis of geomorphology

Question 25

1964

Answer 25

Leopold

Question 26

Leopold, 1964

Answer 26

Fluvial processes in geomorphology

Question 27

Process - response approach

Answer 27

Explains functional relationships between geomorphical processes and landforms

Gilbert, 1950

Question 28

Hack, 1975

Answer 28

Dynamic equilibrium model

Idea that landscape always adjusts

Question 29

Legacy of process - response approach has been largely to:

3 points

Answer 29

1) build up a database of process observations and rates
2) develop simple models for predictions of short term changes
3) generate ideas about stability and instability in geomorphic systems

Question 30

Before 1950s

Answer 30

Historical approaches
- just a narrative

Present is the key to the past

Question 31

Post 1950s

Answer 31

Development process of geomorphology

Understanding of times and scales

Question 32

Tooth

Answer 32

2009

No current successful promotion of geomorphology

Ipcc, 2007 missed valuable links between geomorphic and climate change

Increased links with applied sciences = policy and planning

E.g. slope failure and engineers

Question 33

Church

Answer 33

2010

Development in understanding is influential in reorientation of geomorphical timescales e.g absolute dating methods

Need to construct law other theories of sediment fluxes on timescales

Cosmogenic isotopes date time, exposure, weathering and residence times of sediments

Question 34

Orme

Answer 34

2013

Idea that climate change needs to be incorporated into the Davison cycle, identifying related changes

Importance in understanding how fluvial systems and erosion are affected, in underpinning the Davison model and reduction to peneplain