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Geography > Geomorphology > Flashcards

Geomorphology Flashcards

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1
Q

Active Volcano

A

A volcano that still erupts regularly, in recent times.

Example sentence: Mount Etna in Italy is an active volcano.

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2
Q

Extinct Volcano

A

A volcano that has not erupted in recorded history (in man’s memory) and is unable to erupt again.

Example sentence: The volcano in the national park is considered extinct.

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3
Q

Fracture

A

A fracture in the Earth’s crust, characterised by an uneven crack.

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4
Q

Focus

A

The point underground at which the earthquake originates.

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5
Q

Fold mountains

A

A mountain range formed when rock strata are folded and thrust upwards.

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6
Q

Folding

A

A bending of rocks into folds due to strong compressional forces.

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7
Q

Geomorphology

A

Is the study of the Earth’s surface, its history and the processes that make or form it.

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8
Q

Gondwanaland

A

The southern landmass that existed after Pangaea split.

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9
Q

Aftershock / tremor

A

A smaller quake that occurs after the main earthquake.

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10
Q

Fault

A

A fracture in the earth’s crust

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11
Q

Constructive boundary

A

A zone along which new crust is being formed.

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12
Q

Continental Crust/ SIAL

A

The part of the Earth’s crust that makes up the continents.

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13
Q

Continental drift theory

A

The theory that the continents were once one landmass but drifted apart over time.

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14
Q

Convection Currents

A

A circular movement/ flow of magma in the mantle due to differences in heat (thermally driven).

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15
Q

Convergent plate boundary

A

A zone where two adjacent plates are moving towards each other.

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16
Q

Core

A

The inner-most layer of the Earth.

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17
Q

Crater

A

A bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic activity.

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18
Q

Crust

A

The outer layer of the crust composed of solid rock.

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19
Q

Fold mountains

A

A mountain range formed when rock strata are folded and thrust upwards

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20
Q

Geomorphology

A

The study of the earth’s surface it’s history and the process of how its formed

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21
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Rock formed when magma or lava solidifies.

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22
Q

Laurasia

A

The northern landmass that existed after Pangaea split.

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23
Q

Lava

A

Molten rock that occurs on the Earth’s surface.

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24
Q

Deposition

A

The setting down of eroded material.

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25
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock that occurs beneath the Earth’s surface.

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26
Q

Magma chamber

A

A reservoir of magma within the earth’s crust beneath a volcano.

27
Q

Mantle

A

The layer of molten rock around the Earth’s core, below the crust.

28
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Rock formed when other rock types are changed by extreme temperature and or pressure.

29
Q

Mid-oceanic ridge

A

A constructive boundary characterised by an under-sea mountain chain.

30
Q

Moho Plane

A

The boundary or zone between the Earth’s crust and mantle.

31
Q

Oceanic Crust/ SIMA

A

The part of the earth’s crust that lies under the oceans and continents.

32
Q

Pacific Ring of Fire

A

A collective term given to the plate boundaries around the Pacific Ocean.

33
Q

Epicentre

A

The point on the ground, directly above the focus of an earthquake.

34
Q

Pangaea

A

The super continent that existed before the continents split apart.

35
Q

Erosion

A

The removal and continued breakdown of weathered material.

36
Q

Palaeomagnetism

A

A branch of science concerned with the magnetism in rocks.

37
Q

Plate boundary

A

The zone between two adjacent plates.

38
Q

Destructive boundary

A

A zone along which crust is being destroyed.

39
Q

Divergent plate boundary

A

A zone along which two adjacent plates are moving apart.

40
Q

Dormant Volcano

A

A volcano that has not erupted (inactive) in a long time but has shown signs of eruption in recorded history (man’s memory).

41
Q

Earthquakes

A

When a build-up of pressure in the Earth’s crust is suddenly released causing the ground to shudder and vibrate.

42
Q

Economic factors

A

Refers to the factors related to the production, distribution, and use of income, wealth, and commodities (goods).

43
Q

Environmental factors

A

Refers to the natural (not man-made) environment and habitats of plants and animals.

44
Q

the liquid mantle

A

Plate Tectonics

The theory that explains how the crustal slabs move on

45
Q

A scale that measures the strength of an earthquake

A

Richter Scale

based on the energy of the seismic waves

46
Q

compressed

A

Sedimentary Rocks

Rock formed when eroded material is deposited

47
Q

Sea floor spreading is the formation of fresh areas of oceanic crust which occurs when magma rises at on either side.

A

Seafloor spreading

mid-ocean ridges and subsequently moves outwards

48
Q

of the earthquake

A

Seismic waves

A movement of energy that travels out from the epicentre

49
Q

An instrument used to record seismic waves OR detect the occurrence of an earthquake

A

Seismograph

50
Q

A scientist that studies earthquakes

A

Seismologist

51
Q

Refers to the factors that affect the standard of living or lifestyle (the way people live), such as religion, family, or wealth

A

Social factors

52
Q

Layers of rocks

A

Strata

53
Q

A zone where one plate is being forced to subside below another

A

Subduction zone

54
Q

Forces generated from within the Earth’s crust that could lead to movement

A

Tectonic forces

55
Q

A large section of the Earth’s crust.

A

Tectonic plate

56
Q

The movement of weathered material from one place to another.

A

Transportation

57
Q

A zone along which two adjacent plates are moving past each other.

A

Transverse plate boundary

58
Q

A seismic sea wave caused by an undersea earthquake or undersea volcanic eruption

A

Tsunami

59
Q

The process where molten magma from the mantle moves up and through the Earth’s crust.

A

Volcanism

60
Q

A hole or vent in the Earth’s crust, created when molten magma is forced up through the crust.

A

Volcano

61
Q

An opening exposed on the earth’s surface where volcanic material is emitted.

A

Volcanic vent

62
Q

Volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano.

A

Volcanic plug

63
Q

The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces due to exposure to the elements.

A

Weathering

Geography (2 decks)

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