Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography > Geomorphology > Flashcards

Geomorphology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

The structure of the Earth

4 layers

A

MOLTEN: Liquid
MAGMA: molten
MANTLE: The layer of molten material around the earth’s core
CRUST: the outer layer of the earth , formed of solid rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PROCESSES THAT CHANGE ROCKS IN THE ROCK CYCLE

A

 Pressure and temperature turn sedimentary rocks into igneous rocks
 Pressure and temperature turn igneous rocks into metamorphic rocks
 Temperature turns sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks
 Weathering turns metamorphic rocks into sedimentary rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Igneous Rocks

A

magma rises through the crust, cools and crytallises into new rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

intrusive igneous activity

A

occurs when the magma intrudes into spaces underground and hardens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

intrusive landforms

A
  1. Batholith
  2. Laccolith
  3. Lopolith
  4. Dyke
  5. Sill
  6. Pipe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plate tectonic

A

a section of the Earth’s crust which can move on the mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plate boundary

A

the edge of the tectonic plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Continental drift

A

Continental drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pangea split into

A

Laurasia (the northern continent) and
Gondwana (the southern continent).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

evidence supporting continental drift

A
  1. similar fossils found in different continents
  2. rock formations
  3. similar coal deposits
  4. continents are like a puzzel and fit into each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

formaton of folds

A
  • form when tectonic plates push together, placng the rock under great pressure
  • the rock layers compress and form fold features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fold mountains are normally formed on

A

the edges of collding plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of folds

A
  1. overthrust fold
  2. recmbent fold
  3. overfold
  4. monocline
  5. syncline
  6. antcline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

overthrust fold

A
  • also called a nappe
  • pressure is very great
  • fold breaks
  • one limb pushed forward the other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

recumbent fold

A
  • occurs under extreme pressure
  • limb becomes nearly horizontal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

overfold

A
  • one limb is more steeply inclined than the other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

monocline

A
  • simplest fold
  • step-like fold strata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

syncline

A
  • where rock layers fold downwards in a ‘U’shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anticline

A
  • where rock layers fold upward in a ‘n’ shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

effects of mountains on people

A
  • terrace farming
  • eco-tourism
  • hydroelectric power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

faulting

A

line of weakness in the rock or strata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

causes of faults

A
  • rocks crack due to pressure
  • one section of rock may slide alongside or over another
  • lateral or vertical movement
  • tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

types of faults and landforms

A
  1. normal fault
  2. reverse fault
  3. lateral tearing fault
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

normal fault

causes

A

caused by tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

reverse fault

A

case by compression

26
Q

lateral tearng fault

A

lateral, horizontal forces

27
Q

the great african rift valley

A
  • stretches from ethiopa to mozambique for 5000km
  • cuts through the african plateau and inside the block montains
28
Q

formation

the great african rift valley

A
  • result of instabilty and tenson in the african plateau
  • tension led the magma to rise to the surface causing east africa to form a dome
29
Q

features

the great african rift valley

A
  1. numerous lakes
  2. volcanic mountains and many craters
  3. the ngorongoro crater n tanzania ( tourist attractions)
30
Q

earthquakes

A

sudden shaking of the earth, caused by movement of faults

31
Q

characterstics of an earthquakes

A
  • focus
  • epicentre
  • scismic waves
  • L waves
32
Q

focus

A

origin of an earthquake

33
Q

epicentre

A

point immediately above the focus on the surface

34
Q

scismic waves

A

the waves travel from focus outward within the crust ( p and s waves)

35
Q

L waves

A

when the P and S waves reach the surface are nw called L waves

36
Q

tsunami

A
  • series of sea waves which form when an earthquake under the ocean occurs
  • big ocean wave that is created by a strong earthquake undersea
37
Q

earthquakes are measured by a

A

Richter scale

38
Q

richter scale

A

logarithmic scale used to measure the energy emitted by earthquakes

39
Q

Predictability of earthquakes

A
  • Signs like tremors need to be heeded.
  • Use instruments that record the tension in rocks and estimate earthquake risk.
  • Landform shape changes can inform.
  • Animal behaviour can inform.
  • Receding coastal shorelines can inform.
40
Q

effects of earthquakes

A
  • dam walls may break
  • industries forced to close
  • tsunamis may occur
41
Q

community earthquake strategies

A
  • check hazards at home
  • indentify safe places to go to when an earthquake starts
  • educate
  • have disaster supplies ready
  • help ypur commnity to prepare
42
Q

constrctive margins

A
  • two plates move apart from one another
  • molten rock rses to fll spaces
43
Q

destructive margins

A

-ocean crust moves toward continental crust
ocean crust sinks

44
Q

conservative margins

A
  • two plates slde past each other slowly
  • no crust formed or destroyed
45
Q

collision margins

A

two plates conssting of continental crust collide
can cause earthquakes

46
Q

volcanoes

A

intrusive volcanic activity where magma reaches the surface

47
Q

basic lava

A

flows over a large area before soldifying

48
Q

acid lava

A

soldfies immediately it does not flow

49
Q

types of volcanoes

A
  1. active volcanoes
  2. dormant volcanoes
  3. extinct volcanoes
  4. cinder cones
  5. shield volcanoes
  6. composite volcanoes
50
Q

types of volcanoes

A
  1. active volcanoes
  2. dormant volcanoes
  3. extinct volcanoes
51
Q

active volcanoes

A

still erupts

52
Q

dormant volcanoes

A

volcano whch has not erupted but is suspected to

53
Q

extinct volcanoes

A

has not erupted in a long time and not expected to

54
Q

cinder cones

A

simple volcano with lava

55
Q

sheld volcanoes

A

lava flows for long distances

56
Q

composite volcanoes

A

a reslut of multiple eruptions

57
Q

impacts of volcanoes

A
  • hot springs
  • minerals
  • emits dangerous gases
  • ash pollute water sources
58
Q

convergent plate boundaries

A

plates moving towards each other

59
Q

divergent plate boundaries

A

plates moving apart

60
Q

transverse plate boundaries

A

plates slide past each other

geography (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions