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ATMOSPHERE: Flashcards

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1
Q

ATMOSPHERE:

A

The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.

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2
Q

The atmosphere consists of four layers

A

thermosphere, mesosphere ,stratosphere
and the troposphere

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3
Q

Thermosphere:

A

the layer of the atmosphere furthest from the Earth

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4
Q

Thermosphere absorbs the harmful

A

X-rays and ultra-violet rays hence the high temperatures and
also increase with distance from the surface

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5
Q

Mesosphere:

A

3rd layer above the Earth surface

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6
Q

Mesosphere layer prevents

A

dust and rocks from space from entering the lower layers

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7
Q

Stratosphere:

A

2 nd Layer above the surface

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8
Q

Stratosphere Layer contains a layer

A

of Ozone gas that absorbs the ultraviolet rays from the sun

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9
Q

Troposphere:

A

Layer closest to the Earth’s surface

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10
Q

Troposphere contains

A

most of the air of the atmosphere , all the essential gases to life

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11
Q

The behaviour of the air in the Troposphere leads to

A

Weather

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12
Q

TROPOPAUSE:

A

Separates the Troposphere from the Stratosphere

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13
Q

The atmosphere is composed of

A

gases , solids and Liquid and these are essential for life
on Earth

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14
Q
  1. GASES:
A

Troposphere is a mixture of gases

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15
Q

Permanent gases

A

Nitrogen - 78% , Oxygen - 21 % and Argon – 1%

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16
Q
  1. SOLIDS:
A

the minute solid dust particles and salt crystals in the air on which water
vapour condenses on.

17
Q
  1. LIQUID:
A

Water in the form of clouds

18
Q

the atmosphere is essential for the following reasons

A
  1. allow us to experience different weather conditions and
    climate
  2. absorb dangerous radiation from the sun
  3. consists of gases essential to life
19
Q

Causes of Ozone depletion

A

human activities in the form of use aerosol sprays ,
refrigerants, air conditioners and industrial cleaners that releases (CFCs)

20
Q

Effects of Ozone depletion.

A
  1. allowing the dangerous Ultraviolet rays to reaching the earth’s
    surface
    2.
21
Q

Ways of reducing Ozone depletion

A

Reduce the use of products that contain CFCs and use products that do not release CFCs

22
Q

Processes associated with heating of the Atmosphere:

A
  1. the sun is the main source of heat on the earth
23
Q

how does the sun heat up the atmosphere

A

Sun radiation passes through the atmosphere and heats the earth’s surface and it
absorbs the heat and in turn heats up the atmosphere.

23
Q

The sun’s electromagnetic spectrum-

A

the distribution of the sun’s radiation according to
wavelength.

24
Q

Radiant energy is transmitted in the form of

A

waves of different wavelengths

25
Q

types of rays that are radiated from the sun

A

the infra-red waves with longer
wavelength , the X-rays with shorter rays ultraviolet rays and the light rays

26
Q

Insolation

A

incoming solar radiation

27
Q

Most of the ultraviolet and X-rays are absorbed in the

A

thermosphere and stratosphere

28
Q

SOLAR CONSTANT

A

the radiant energy that reaches the troposphere

29
Q

53% of the sun’s radiation that reaches the troposphere does not reach the earth’s
surface due to:

A

 Reflection of the radiation from surfaces before it is absorbed due to different
properties of reflection
 Gases in the troposphere absorb some of the radiation through ABSORPTION
 Some radiation is bounced off dust particles - SCATTERING

30
Q

The energy that reaches the earth’s surface is in the form of

A

short wave radiation
which is not absorbed by the atmosphere and is the energy that heats the earth’s
surface

31
Q

Terrestrial radiation

A

all heat from the earth

32
Q

The water vapour and gases (carbon dioxide) absorb the

A

long wave terrestrial
radiation

33
Q

Water vapour and carbon dioxide are close to the surface hence

A

more absorption
takes place thus the reason why the air is warmer.

34
Q

Terrestrial radiation mainly happens at

A

night

35
Q

Cand clouds act as a blanket to
prevent

A

terrestrial radiation from escaping to the atmosphere

36
Q

Conduction

A

transfer of heat from one air molecule to another by contact

37
Q

Convection

A

Vertical transfer of heat energy by movement of air molecules.

38
Q

Release of latent heat:

A
  1. Heat can also be transferred when condensation takes place

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