Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSE > Geomorphic Provinces of California > Flashcards

Geomorphic Provinces of California Flashcards

1
Q

Colorado Desert

A

Located between the Peninsula Ranges and Mojave Desert. Includes the Salton Trough, a pull-apart structural basin. AP Zoned Faults include - Brawley, San Andreas, Imperial, and Superstition Hills. Economic deposits consist of geothermal resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peninsular Ranges

A

Peninsular Ranges - Southwestern province of California that is similar to the Sierra Nevada. AP Zoned faults include Newport-Inglewood and San Jacinto. Economic deposits include gold, copper, silver, and tungsten. Associated with Pegmatites that yielded gems including tourmaline, spodumene, beryl, topaz, and garnet. Also associated with oil in northern portions (Los Angeles Basin).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transverse Ranges

A

East to west trending mountain range. Separated from Coastal Ranges by Santa Ynez fault and from Peninsular Ranges by the Santa Monica fault. Oldest rocks found in eastern portion. Built up during the Mesozoic. Major AP faults include San Andreas and San Fernando faults. Economic deposits include oil and gas, and iron. Important features of note include the Blackhawk Landslide and Saint Francis Dam disaster.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mojave Desert

A

Southeastern portion of the state. Similar extensional environment to Basin & Range but not as dramatic. AP zoned faults include Manix, Pisgah-Bullion, Garlock, and Johnson Valley (Landers Earthquake of 1992). Economic deposits include bastnaesite (rare earth) in carbonatite rocks (largest known deposit in the world). Boron compounds also mined to extract borax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basin & Range

A

Eastern province consists of tensional horst and graben features with a N-S orientation. Characterized by Paleozoic carbonates, Mesozoic granitic intrusions, and Tertiary volcanism. AP Faults include Fort Sage, Hilton Creek, Little Lake, Owens Valley, and Garlock. Economic deposits include lead, silver, zinc, borax (historical), talc, and molybdenite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sierra Nevada

A

Eastern province formed during the Jurassic and Cretaceous (Nevadan Orogeny). Bounded by the Garlock Fault to the south. AP Zoned faults include Cleveland Hill, Garlock, Little Lake, Fort Sage, Hilton Creek, Kern Front, Owens Valley, and White Wolf. Economic deposits include gold (placer, lode and disseminated). First environmental laws in California from placer hydraulic mining in 1860s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Great Valley

A

located in Central California. Underlain by a 40,000 foot thick sedimentary sequence as the result of shallow seas. Lake Corcoran covered southwestern portion and formed most extensive confining layer. Major AP zoned faults include Buena Vista, Kern Front, and White Wolf. Economic deposits include oil and gas, sand and gravel, and clays from Ione Formation. Selenium is a natural metal contaminant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coastal Ranges

A

extends from OR border to Santa Ynez Fault. Extensive faulting. Franciscan Formation most important unit which represents subduction zone. Prone to landslides. Key faults include Calaveras, Green Valley, Hayward, Buena Vista, Concord, Greenville, Maacama, Nunez, and San Andreas. Limited economic deposits of gold. Previously known for mercury deposits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Modoc Plateau

A

Northeastern geomorphic province of California characterized by Tertiary volcanic activity. Cedar Mountain, Hat Creek, and McArthur Faults zoned by AP Act. No developed deposits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cascade Ranges

A

Northern geomorphic province of California that extends into Oregon and Washington. Located between the Klamath Mountains to the West and the Modoc Plateau to the east. Characterized by volcanic activity extending back to the Eocene. Cedar Mountain Fault, Hat Creek, and McArthur Faults zoned by AP Act. No developed deposits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Klamath Mountains

A

Northern geomorphic province of California found between the Coastal Ranges and Cascade Ranges. Consists of a series of accreted terranes thrust over each other. Younger terranes are found further west. Three major episodes of plate accretions occurred during the Late Silurian-Devonian, Plate Paleozoic, and Late Jurassic. No major faults zoned by the AP Act. Abundant metal deposits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sutter Buttes

A

A prominent volcanic feature in the Central Valley that consists of andesite and tuff with surrounding sedimentary rock. Later intruded by rhyolite porphyry and has produced traps for natural gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superjacent Series

A

One of two major subdivisions of rocks in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mtns applied to rocks younger than the Nevadan Orogeny that emplaced the Sierra Nevada Batholith.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Subjacent Series

A

One of two major subdivisions of rocks in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mtns applied to rocks older than the Nevadan Orogeny that emplaced the Sierra Nevada Batholith.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stockton Fault

A

Fault divider between the Sacramento River Basin and the San Joaquin River Basin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sierra Nevada Batholith

A

Dominant rock outcrock of the Peninsular Ranges consisting of gabbro, diorite, quartz diorite, quartz monzonite, and granite. Batholith emplaced during Cretaceous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

San Andreas Fault

A

a NW trending, right-lateral strike slip fault extending 800 miles across California from Shelter Cove in the north to the Salton Trough in the South. Separates the Franciscan Formation from the Salinan Block in the Coastal Ranges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Salinian Block

A

A structural block located west of the San Andreas fault and east of the Nacimiento fault zone. Composed of Late Cretaceous granitic rocks similar to the Sierra Nevada.

19
Q

Overdraft

A

More groundwater pumped from a groundwater basin than is replaced.

20
Q

Monterey Formation

A

A marine formation consisting of siliceous shales and cherts. Silica deposited as diatomites and silicic ash beds. Phosphates also deposited. Likely source of petroleum and natural gas deposits in Transverse Ranges. Miocene in age.

21
Q

Los Angeles Basin

A

a downwarped sedimentary basin of marine sediments that formed in the Late Tertiary. Produced petroleum.

22
Q

Lake Concoran

A

a prehistoric lake that existed 600,000 years ago in the San Joaquin Valley. Deposition of lacustrine clays, volcanic ash, and diatomite. Associated with the Concoran Clay.

23
Q

Hydrologic Region

A

Regions of groundwater basins that correspond to major drainage areas.

24
Q

Great Valley Sequence

A

Shallow shelf and submarine fan deposits of sandstone, shale, siltstone, conglometate, and limestone. Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous in age. Up to 40,000 ft in thickness. Thrust onto the coastal ophiolite sequences. Cretaceous in age. Overlies the Franciscan Formation.

25
Q

Franciscan Formation

A

A heterogenous unit of sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rock consisting of graywacke, interbedded shale, minor chert, limestone, greenstone, greenschist, and blueschist. Up to 50,000 ft in thickness and is a basement rock in the Coastal Ranges. Jurassic to Cretaceous in age.

26
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

Water evaporated from land and soil and transpired from plants.

27
Q

Concoran Clay

A

A member of the Tulare Formation, largest confining bed in California and underlies most of the Great Valley Province.

28
Q

Connate Water

A

Water trapped in formation at the time of deposition.

29
Q

Anorthosite

A

A plutonic, igneous rock composed almost entirely of plagioclase feldspar. Found in the San Gabriel Mountains. Dated at 1 BYA.

30
Q

What are the four major California Orogenies?

A

Antler, Sonoma, Nevadan, and Sevier

31
Q

Antler Orogeny

A

Occurred during Late Devonian and Early Mississippian (370-340 MYA). Consisted of offshore island arc terrane colliding with western North America.

32
Q

Sonoma Orogeny

A

Occurred during the Late Permian and Early Triassic (260-245 MYA). Consisted of mountain building along western North American due to convergence.

33
Q

Nevadan Orogeny

A

Occurred during Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (180-140 MYA). Consisted of subduction activity and resulting mountain building. Associated with Sierra Nevada Batholith.

34
Q

Sevier Orogeny

A

Occurred during the Mid Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic (140-50 MYA). Continuation of mountain building from collision and subduction. Plate boundary changed to from subduction to transform after the Sevier Orogeny

35
Q

Subduction-Transform Shift

A

Occurred during the mid-Cenozoic (28 MYA). Currently ongoing. Produced the San Andreas Fault and uplift of the current Coast Ranges.

36
Q

What are the 10 California DWR Hydrologic Regions

A

North Coast, Sacramento River, North Lahontan, San Francisco Bay, San Joaquin River, Central Coast, Tulare Lake, South Lahontan, South Coast, Colorado River

37
Q

Which Hydrologic Region uses the most groundwater?

A

Central Coast. Also most of groundwater in California is used in Central Valley. The Central Valley has the 2nd most groundwater withdrawal rate in the US (mostly for agriculture)

38
Q

What is the largest source of surface water in California?

A

Sierra Nevada snowmelt.

39
Q

What is the current groundwater overdraft in California

A

2 million acre-feet per year.

40
Q

What are the 4 Main Aquifer Systems in CA?

A

Central Valley, Coastal Basin, Basin & Range, and Pacific NW Basaltic Rock & Basin Fill

41
Q

Central Valley Aquifer System

A

Most usable water in the upper 2,500 feet. Unconfined in the north but confined by the Concoran Clay in the south. Extensive subsidence problems exist from over pumping of groundwater.

42
Q

Coastal Basin Aquifer System

A

Encompasses the Coastal Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and Peninsular Ranges. Contained within NW trending structural depressions. Mostly consists of unconfined aquifers. Saltwater intrusion is a problem in the Los Angeles-Orange County area.

43
Q

Northern California Basin-Fill Aquifer System

A

Encompasses the Cascade Range, Modoc Plateau, and northern Basin & Range. Mostly consists of unconsolidated alluvial or lake bed deposits and fractured volcanic rock. One of the largest springs in US - Fall River Springs.

44
Q

Basin & Range Aquifer System

A

Encompasses the central and southern Basin & Range, Mojave Desert, and Coloradan Desert. Consists of carbonate rock, volcanic rock, and basin-fill (majority) aquifers.

CSE (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions