Geology List 3 Flashcards
Oscillation that travels, moving energy from one place to another.
Wave
A material through which a wave travels.
Medium
Vibrations that carry the energy released during an earthquake.
Seismic Waves.
A movement of earth’s crust that occurs when rocks in the crust suddenly shift, releasing stored energy.
Earthquake
A device that can detect and record seismic waves.
Seismograph
The process by which oceanic crust sinks into the mantle through a trench.
Subduction
A small step on the ground surface where one side of a surface has moved vertically with respect to the other.
Fault Scarp
A longitudinal wave that arrives first at a location after an earthquake.
P Wave
Transverse wave that is created by an earthquake, that arrives at a location after the primary wave.
S wave
The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
Epicenter
The location beneath the earth’s surface where an earthquake begins.
Focus
The creation of a wave through a disturbance in a medium.
Propagation
A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake.
After shock
A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid outermost part of the mantle.
Tectonic plates
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
Stress
A type of seismic wave hat forms when P-waves and S-waves reach earth’s surface.
Surface Waves
The theory that pieces of the earth’s lithosphere, called plates, move about slowly on top of the asthenosphere.
Theory of Plate Tectonics
A layer of hot but solid rock beneath the earth’s crust.
Mantle
Made of hot solid metal approximately 1220 Km thick.
Inner Core
Made of hot molten metal approximately 22260 Km thick.
Outer Core
A part of the lithosphere made up of relatively cool rigid rock.
Earth’s Crust
The boundary between two tectonic plates.
Ridge
A long depression in the ocean floor where old oceanic crust sinks into the mantle.
Trench
A layer of relatively cool, rigid rock that includes the uppermost part of the mantle as well as the earth’s crust.
Lithosphere
A Layer of softer, weaker rock beneath the earth’s lithosphere, which can flow slowly.
Asthenosphere
A break in the earth’s crust.
Fault
Form at surface from lava and inside the crust from magma that has cooled. Ex. granite and basalts.
Igneous Rock
Form as a result of weathering or erosion Ex. Limestone and shale.
Sedimentary Rock
Form under conditions of extreme temperature and pressure change, Ex. gneiss and marble
Metamorphic Rock.
Boundary where two plates come together. Ex mountains are formed.
Convergent Boundary
Boundary where two plates are separating Ex. valley, ridges, are formed.
Divergent Boundary
Boundary where plates slide parallel to teach other, can cause earthquake, See California
Transform Boundary
The opening in the earth that volcanic materials get erupted from.
Volcano Vent
The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects.
Magma Chamber
A cloud of ash that forms in the air after some volcanic eruptions.
Ash Cloud
An igneous rock layer formed when magma hardens beneath the earth’s surface.
Intrusion
A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance.
Tsunami
