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Geology > Geology Lab Exam > Flashcards

Geology Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Fine foliation

A

phyllites, slates, some schists

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2
Q

Intermediate foliation

A

most schists

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3
Q

Coarse foliation

A

gneiss

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4
Q

Which minerals define the foliation of phyllites, slates, and schists?

A

micas

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5
Q

Which minerals define the foliation of gneiss?

A

quartz, orthoclase plagioclase, plagioclase feldspar, and biotite

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6
Q

Which two rocks are pure?

A

Quartzite (metamorphic) and marble (metamorphic)

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7
Q

Protolith for slate, phyllite, schists

A

mudstone

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8
Q

Protolith for gneiss

A

granite

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9
Q

Protolith for marble

A

limestone

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10
Q

protolith for quartzite

A

sandstone

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11
Q

Metamorphic rock grade rating

A

gneiss > schists > phyllite > slate

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12
Q

Felsic, coarse-grained

minerals are: (quartz, orthoclase > plagioclase, micas, amphibole)

A

granite

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13
Q

Felsic, fine-grained

minerals: (quartz, orthoclase > plagioclase, micas, amphibole)

A

rhyolite

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14
Q

50% mafic, 50% felsic, coarse-grained

minerals: (orthoclase < plagioclase, biotite, amphibole, pyroxene)

A

diorite

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15
Q

50% mafic, 50% felsic, finee-grained

minerals: (orthoclase < plagioclase, biotite, amphibole, pyroxene)

A

andesite

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16
Q

mafic, coarse-grained

minerals: (olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase)

A

gabbro

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17
Q

mafic, fine-grained

minerals: (olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase)

A

basalt

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18
Q

ultramafic-mafic, coarse-grained

minerals: olivine with some pyroxene

A

peridotite

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19
Q

fine-grained. black, dark, reddish brown, glassy rock

A

obsidian

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20
Q

bubbly, very light, felsic, white to gray; vesicular obsidian

A

pumice

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21
Q

resembles a sponge, very light, mafic, brown to reddish brown; vesicular basalt

A

scoria

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22
Q

What is a mineral?

A

Naturally occurring, solid, inorganic, definite chemical composition, ordered crystalline structure

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23
Q

magnetic mineral

A

magnetite

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24
Q

minerals are on

A

letters

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25
Q

rocks are on

A

numbers

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26
Q

silvery gray to black, rubs off fingers and hands, H1

A

graphite

27
Q

pale brass yellow, cubic/ octahedron habit, H6-6.5

A

pyrite

28
Q

brass yellow, green-black streak, H3.5-4

A

chalcopyrite

29
Q

shiny silver-gray, heavy, cubic

A

galena

30
Q

silver gray, black, red, red to red-red brown streak, metallic to earthy luster

A

hematite

31
Q

yellow-brown, resinous to sub-metallic luster, white to pale yellow streak, dodecahedron

A

sphalerite

32
Q

yellow brown to dark brown, earthy luster

A

limonite

33
Q

flesh-colored to white, exsolution lamellae

A

orthoclase feldspar

34
Q

gray to white, striations

A

plagioclase feldspar

35
Q

glassy, conchoidal fracture, hexagonal habit

A

quartz

36
Q

green to yellow-green, glassy, H7

A

olivine

37
Q

colorless to white, cubic habit

A

halite

38
Q

fizzes with HCl

A

calcite

39
Q

white to transparent, easily scratched with fingernail

A

gypsum

40
Q

green to white, soapy to greasy feel, white streak

A

talc

41
Q

dark green to black, dull to glassy luster

A

pyroxene

42
Q

dark green to black, glassy luster

A

amphibole

43
Q

hexagonal prisms, triangular pattern of striations, earthy luster

A

corundum

44
Q

commonly dark red (can be red, purple, yellow, green), dodecahedron

A

garnet

45
Q

opaque brow-honey brown prisms, cross-shaped twins

A

staurolite

46
Q

green to green-black, white streak

A

chlorite mica

47
Q

black to brown, thin flexible sheets, gray-brown streak

A

biotite mica

48
Q

transparent colors, hexagonal prisms, conchoidal fracture

A

apatite

49
Q

opaque green to gray-green, dull to silky masses, white streak

A

serpentine

50
Q

clastic, fizzes in HCl

A

limestone

51
Q

clastic, dominantly calcite shell with minor cement

A

coquina

52
Q

clastic, soft and silty, earthy rock composed of microfossils

A

chalk

53
Q

non-clastic, colorless to white, salty

A

rock salt

54
Q

(gray, brown, black, mottled colors), H7, conchoidal

A

chert

55
Q

white, gray, reddish, colorless, easily scratched with fingernail

A

rock gypsum

56
Q

only fizzes in HCl when powdered, light colored

A

dolostone

57
Q

organic material, black, sooty, brittle

A

coal

58
Q

clastic, gravel (>2mm), mostly angular or sub-angular grains

A

breccia

59
Q

clastic, gravel (>2mm), mostly sub-rounded grains

A

conglomerate

60
Q

clastic, sand (within barely visible to 2mm), mostly quartz sand

A

quartz sandstone

61
Q

clastic, sand (within barely visible to 2mm), quartz and feldspar sand

A

arkosic sandstone

62
Q

clastic, sand (within barely visible to 2mm), quartz sand and rock fragments in a clay matrix

A

greywacke sandstone

63
Q

clastic, silt (barely feel grains), may contain fossils

A

siltstone

64
Q

clastic, clay (feels smooth), may contain fossils, shale breaks into layers; mudstone crumbles into blocks

A

shale/mudstone

Geology (3 decks)

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