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geology exam 4 > geology exam 4 > Flashcards

geology exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

plate tectonic processes that produce mountains and volcanoes

A

constructive

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2
Q

processes that serve as erosional agents

A

destructive

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3
Q

solid mass moves downhill landslides, rockslides

A

slides

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4
Q

solid mass rotates and slides downhill

A

slumps

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5
Q

material flows downhill as separate pieces, not a solid mass soil creep, solifluction, mudflow, debris avalanche

A

flows

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6
Q

the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping

A

angle of repose

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7
Q

a type of creep characterized by the slow, downward progression of rock and soil down a low-grade slope

A

soil creep

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8
Q

the accumulation of debris in sheets or cones at the bases of rock walls

A

talus

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9
Q

land area that delivers water, sediment, and dissolved substances via small streams to a major river

A

watershed

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10
Q

the entire area whose water flows into a particular stream

A

drainage basin

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11
Q

a triangle-shaped deposit of gravel, sand, and smaller pieces of sediment that forms when a stream gradient decreases suddenly

A

alluvial fan

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12
Q

the ridge of sand and gravel developed on the inside of a stream meander

A

point bar

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13
Q

form when water floods out of the channel and spreads out, depositing sediment

A

flood plain

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14
Q

wetlands that form where a stream flows into a large body of standing water

A

delta

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15
Q

what is created as the natural movement of a body of water pushes sediment to the side

A

natural levee

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16
Q

two consecutive crossing points of sinuous and down-valley axes

A

meander loop

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16
Q

two consecutive crossing points of sinuous and down-valley axes

A

meander loop

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17
Q

a fluvial process of erosion that lengthens a stream, a valley, or a gully at its head

A

headward erosion

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18
Q

indicates rocks of equal erodability

A

dendritic drainage pattern

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19
Q

the greek work for leaf

A

dendron

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20
Q

indicates alternating bands with different resistance to erosion

A

trellis drainage pattern

21
Q

forms in rocks that are cut by a series of perpendicular joints and faults

A

rectangular drainage pattern

22
Q

outward stream flow indicates a topographic high (volcano or a similar mountain)

A

radial pattern 1

23
Q

inward stream flow indicates a topographic basin

A

radial pattern 2

24
Q

consists of a network of river channels separated by small islands

A

braided stream

25
Q

shoreline relative to sea level

A

emergent

26
Q

shoreline sinking relative to sea level

A

submergent

27
Q

the narrow, flat area found at the base of a sea cliff

A

wave cut cliffs

28
Q

a landform consisting of steep and vertical columns of rock near a coast formed by wave erosion

A

sea stacks

29
Q

a natural arch made of stone created when water wears away the underside of a rock, leaving just the top behind

A

sea arches

30
Q

combination of erosion and deposition

A

tombolos

31
Q

the largest glaciers and form on large flat areas with abundant snowfall

A

ice sheets

32
Q

flow downhill from basic on mountainsides and are typically confined to individual valleys previously carved by streams

A

valley (alpine) glaciers

33
Q

indicates the shape change of a material through bending

A

ductile deformation

34
Q

indicates the shape change of a material through breaking

A

brittle deformation

35
Q

the addition of snow and ice to the glacier, increasing its mass

A

accumulation

36
Q

all processes that cause a glacier to lose ice and snow, decreasing its mass (melting, sublimation, calving)

A

ablation

37
Q

direct change from ice to water vapor

A

sublimation

38
Q

large chunks break off the end of the glacier, forming icebergs

A

calving

39
Q

the end of a glacier (may advance, retreat, or stagnate)

A

terminus

40
Q

the terminus moves farther from the snowfield when accumulation is greater than ablation

A

glacial advance

41
Q

the terminus moves toward the snowfield when ablation is greater than accumulation

A

glacial retreat

42
Q

when the flow of new ice is matched by the rate of melting

A

glacial stagnation

43
Q

material deposited directly from a melting glacier with very poor sorting

A

till

44
Q

material carried away from the glacier by meltwater

A

outwash

45
Q

large boulders made from rock types that are different from those in the area they are found

A

erratic

46
Q

a ridge of till deposited at the terminus of a glacier during a period of stagnation

A

terminal moraines

47
Q

a ridge of till deposited after a glacier retreats from its maximum extent and then stagnates for a while

A

recessional moraines

48
Q

a blanket of till deposited from ice

A

ground moraines

49
Q

ridges of till formed from blocks of sediment that fell on the alpine glacier from valley walls

A

lateral moraines

50
Q

ridges of till formed when lateral moraines from two glaciers merge

A

medial moraines

51
Q

a person or thing that precipitates an event

A

catalyst

geology exam 4 (2 decks)

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