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SES 121 > Geology Exam 2 > Flashcards

Geology Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Flood basalt eruptions are fed by..?

A

long fissures/dikes

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2
Q

how was the crater at crater lake formed?

A

collapse of overlying rocks into an emptied magma chamber

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3
Q

when melting forms magma…

A

partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source

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4
Q

Which of the following is Not a rock typically found with calderas?

  1. welded rhyolite
  2. tuff
  3. granite
  4. gabbro
A

gabbro!

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5
Q

how do volcanic neck forms

A
  1. erosion of the volcano, leaving behind the solidifed conduit inside the volcano
  2. erosion of overlying rock layers exposing the conduit below the volcano
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6
Q

This is the solid upper part of the Earth, including the crust and uppermost mantle

A

lithosphere

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7
Q

what class of mineral forms when the element O is bonded with a metal, as in the mineral hematite?

A

oixdes

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8
Q

what are the two main ways that minerals are put together in rocks?

A

crystalline verus clastic

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9
Q

magnetite and hematite occur together in layered sedimentary rocks called?

A

banded iron formations

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10
Q

what type of mineral is garney?

A

silicate mineral

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11
Q

what class of mineral form when the element Si is bonded with element O, as in the mineral quartz?

A

silicates

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12
Q

what is composed of the smallest sedimentary clasts?

A

shale

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13
Q

which of the following is a common characteristic of carbonate rocks?

A

they commonly have a dissolved apperance

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14
Q

because shales are easily eroded, the areas where they are exposed typically

A

have soft slopes and soil cover

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15
Q

how does an angular unconformity form?

A

older rocks are tilted, eroded, and overlain by younger rocks

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16
Q

what lived during the Mesozoic era?

A

dinosaurs

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17
Q

oldest rocks found are from the

A

precambrian era

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18
Q

what is punctuated equilibrium

A

a hypothesis that explains how new organisms or new characteristics can appear suddenly in the fossil record

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19
Q

James Hutton came up with..

A

the concept that geologic processes operating at present are the same processes that operated in the past

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20
Q

oceanic plateaus form from basaltic volcanism originating from

A

hot spots

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21
Q

the majority of transform boundaries are found

A

in conjunction with mid-ocean ridges

22
Q

what is the ultimate source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydro thermal vents

A

bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide

23
Q

most oceanic plateaus are..

A

constructed by volcanic eruptions probably over mantle pumes

24
Q

forms in low-temperature environments, at or near Earth’s surface

A

Clastic

25
Q

forms in high-temperature environments; minerals are interlocking

A

crystalline

26
Q

A rock that is unusually rich in some commodity that might be valuable

A

mineral deposit

27
Q

contains enough of a commodity to be mined at a profit

A

ore deposit

28
Q

contains (CO3)^2

A

carbonates

29
Q

calcite and dolomite

A

carbonates

30
Q

contains oxygen bonded with metals

A

oxides

31
Q

contains (S)^2 bonded with Fe, Pb, Zn, or Cu

A

sulfides

32
Q

pyrite and galena

A

sulfides

33
Q

contains (S04)^2 plus an element like Ca

A

sulfates

34
Q

gypsum

A

sulfates

35
Q

contains a metallic element, such as Na or K

A

Halides

36
Q

is the percentage or concentration of the valuable commodity in a rock

A

the grade

37
Q

CaSO42H2O, can be scratched with fingernail; typically gray, white, or clear

A

gypsum

38
Q

PbS; distinctive metallic-gray cubes with cubic cleavage; high specfic gravity

A

Galena

39
Q

FeS; pale bronze to brass-yellow; commonlu forms cube-shaped crystals

A

Pyrite

40
Q

what is detritus

A

is loosened and transported clastic material

41
Q

detrital

A

describes deposits of detritus

42
Q

this occurs when rocks are heated locally and have little associated deformation

A

contact metamorphism

43
Q

involves heating and deformation over large areas

A

regional metamorphism

44
Q

granite and rhyolite are

A

felsic

45
Q

diorite and andesite

A

intermediate

46
Q

basalt and gabbro

A

mafic

47
Q

peridotite

A

ultramafic

48
Q

rock made mostly of calcium carbonate; may contain fossil shells and coral skeletons

A

limestone

49
Q

very soft rock of calcium carbonate created by remainns of mirco organisms

A

chalk

50
Q

mostly forms when seawater evaporates in tidal flats and narrow seas; the material in sheetrock

A

gypsum

51
Q

conglomerate

A

rounded pebbles and sand and finer particles between larger clasts

52
Q

Breccia

A

angular pebbles and coobles and finer particles between larger clasts

SES 121 (2 decks)

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