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SES 121 > Astronomy Exam 1 > Flashcards

Astronomy Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Latitude?

A

North to South

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2
Q

What is Longitude?

A

East to West

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3
Q

great circle running though Greenwich,England and the North and South Pole

A

Prime Meridian

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4
Q

What is the latitude of ASU?

A

33 N

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5
Q

At what angle will the North Star be tonight in Tempe?

A

30 degrees

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6
Q

At what angle will the North Star be tonight at the North Pole?

A

90 degrees

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7
Q

stars’ locations in the sky given by latitude

A

declination

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8
Q

right ascension is?

A

the stars’ location in the sky given by longitude

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9
Q

What way do stars appear to rotate around the North Star?

A

counterclockwise

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10
Q

The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West. Which way is the Earth rotating?

A

toward the east

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11
Q

What is teh celestial sphere centered on?

A

the earth

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12
Q

This is when the days have equal amounts of daylight and nigthtime

A

Equinoxes

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13
Q

What is a Solstice?

A

the days that have the most unequal amount of daylight and nightitme

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14
Q

what is insolation?

A

the amount of solar energy incident on a suraface area

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15
Q

what does insolation depend on?

A

the angle of the sun

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16
Q

What is the sunlight angle of incidence for a equinox?

A

90 degress

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17
Q

what is the sunlight angle of incidence for a solstice?

A

23.5 degrees

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18
Q

our earth’s orbit is

A

eccentric

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19
Q

what is teh Perihelion?

A

the closest point to the Sun that occurs during Northern Winter

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20
Q

What is the farthest point to the Sun that occurs during Northern Summer called?

A

Aphelion

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21
Q

What does precession do ?

A

the earth spins like a top

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22
Q

what does Obliquity do?

A

the axis tilt changes about +/- 1 degrees, period is about 40,000 years

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23
Q

this is what causes the orbit shape to change over time. the period is about 100,000 years.

A

Eccentricity

24
Q

why does we only ever see just one face of the moon?

A

because of the synchronous rotation, rotation period=orbit period

25
Q

what does angular size depend on ?

A

distance

26
Q

how is light created?

A

light is generated when electric charges are forced to oscillate back and forth

27
Q

what is visible light an example of?

A

electromagnetic radiation

28
Q

what happens when charged particles change their motion?

A

they emit electromagnetic radiation

29
Q

The distance between the same point on two successive waves

A

wavelength

30
Q

the time between passages of wave crests

A

Period

31
Q

what is frequency?

A

the number of waves that pass each second

32
Q

how do you find period?

A

P=1/f

33
Q

how do you find the frequency of the wave?

A

f = c / lamba

34
Q

what is the speed of light?

A

300,000km/sec

35
Q

how much a Parsec in light years?

A

3.26 lightyears

36
Q

how many AU is in 1 Parsec?

A

206265 Au

37
Q

what is the relation between wave frequency and wavelength ?

A

c = f x lamba

38
Q

how do you calculate teh energy of a photon?

A

E = h x f

39
Q

what do refractor telescopes use?

A

lenses

40
Q

what do reflector telescopes use?

A

mirrors

41
Q

what is the equation for the area of a circle?

A

pie*r^2

42
Q

what will happen to the light of two nearby stars?

A

when the light of two nearby stars separated y only a very small angle will be smeared together (Diffraction Limit)

43
Q

what is the highest angular resolution possible with ?

A

telescope arrays

44
Q

a faint star has a

A

large magnitude

45
Q

a small magnitude means a

A

bright star

46
Q

what is apparent magnitude?

A

magnitude based on brightness, depends on distance

47
Q

what is absolute magnitude?

A

magnitude based on luminosity, distance of 10pc

48
Q

how can we find the composition of a star?

A

from the spectra, absorption lines

49
Q

how to find the temperature of a star?

A

wien’s law - relationship between peak wavelength and temperature

50
Q

the total amount of energy emitted at all wavelength is ?

A

flux

51
Q

how do we find the radius of a star

A

luminosity plus temperature

52
Q

the fraction of light that is reflected from a planet?

A

albedo

53
Q

how is planet temperature determined?

A

by the balance of sunlight absorbed and energy radiated from the planet into space

54
Q

two reasons how Earth’s atmosphere interferes with telescope observations

A
  1. the atmosphere absorbs some waves of light so they never make it to the telescope
  2. the earth’s atmosphere isnt uniform, so when light hits it it becomes bended and distorted.
55
Q

where are neutrino detecors located?

A

deep underground or under water/ice

56
Q

why are neurtinos so hard to detect?

A

because they nonreactive with matter

57
Q

what defines momentum ?

A

mass x velocity

SES 121 (2 decks)

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