Geology and Non renewable Mineral Resources Flashcards

1
Q

The Earth’s a Dynamic Planer

A
  • what is geology?
  • earths internal structure
    > core
    -> inner core - solid metal
    -> outer core - molten/liquid metal
    > mantle
    -> asthenosphere - upper mantle -
    property of “plasticity”
    > crust
    -> thin outer layer
    (see diagram in packet)
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2
Q

Plate Techtonics

A
- tectonic plates = irregularly shaped 
  sections of crust and upper mantle
- lithosphere - upper mantle and crust
- types of plate boundaries
  > divergent
  > convergent
  > transform fault
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3
Q

External Earth Processes

A
  • weathering - the breakdown of rock into
    different pieces
    > physical - (breaks down rocks into
    smaller pieces with no change in
    chemical composition. happens by frost
    action. water goes into a crack then
    water freezes into ice and expands
    which expands the crack which can
    crumble rock)
  • chemical - ex. oxidation = iron + oxygen
    -> iron oxide rust
  • biological - roots of trees break up rock
  • erosion - wearing away and transporting of
    rock material
    > rain, flowing water, wind
    > glaciers
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4
Q

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

A
- minerals = building blocks of rocks (ex. 
  granite = quartz, feldspar, mica)
- mineral resource
  > fossil fuels
  > metallic
  > nonmetallic
- identified resources
- reserves
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5
Q

Rocks and Minerals

A
- rock 
  > igneous
  > sedimentary 
  > metamorphic
- ore
  > high-grade ore
  > low-grade ore
-rock cycle
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6
Q

Igneous Rocks (Ignite/Heat)

A
  • make up most of the earth’s crust
  • source of building materials and
    gemstones
  • formed when molten rock material cools
    and solidifies
    > magma
    -> molten rock material beneath the
    earth’s surface
    -> cools slowly -> forms big crystals
    -> intrusive - bigger crystals in ground
    > lava
    -> molten rock material above the
    surface
    -> cools quickly -> small/no crystals
    -> extrusive - small crystals outside
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7
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A
  • form when sediments are deposited on the
    bottom of the ocean floor
  • pressure from overlying layers and the
    weight of the water causes sediments to
    be compressed and/or compacted into
    rock
  • may contain organic material (fossils)
  • sedimentary rocks unlock clues to a
    regions past…
  • if sedimentary rocks are common to a
    region, it was probably under water at one
    time
  • tilted sedimentary layers tell you that
    there was crustal movement in the region
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8
Q

Biologic/Organic Content

A
  • although not all sedimentary rocks have
    fossils, sedimentary rocks are the ONLY
    type of rock on which fossils and other
    organic matter can be found
  • (the extreme heat involved in both igneous
    and metamorphic rock formation would
    destroy any organic remains)
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9
Q

Metamorphic Rocks (Transformation)

A
- produced when rocks are subjected to 
  intense heat and pressure
- deep burial
- convergent plate boundaries
- contact metamorphism 
- ex. marble, slate, anthracite coal
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10
Q

The Rock Cycle

A

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LbTW5z_oN0
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkGVE6wNAzo

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