Geology and Non renewable Mineral Resources Flashcards
1
Q
The Earth’s a Dynamic Planer
A
- what is geology?
- earths internal structure
> core
-> inner core - solid metal
-> outer core - molten/liquid metal
> mantle
-> asthenosphere - upper mantle -
property of “plasticity”
> crust
-> thin outer layer
(see diagram in packet)
2
Q
Plate Techtonics
A
- tectonic plates = irregularly shaped sections of crust and upper mantle - lithosphere - upper mantle and crust - types of plate boundaries > divergent > convergent > transform fault
3
Q
External Earth Processes
A
- weathering - the breakdown of rock into
different pieces
> physical - (breaks down rocks into
smaller pieces with no change in
chemical composition. happens by frost
action. water goes into a crack then
water freezes into ice and expands
which expands the crack which can
crumble rock) - chemical - ex. oxidation = iron + oxygen
-> iron oxide rust - biological - roots of trees break up rock
- erosion - wearing away and transporting of
rock material
> rain, flowing water, wind
> glaciers
4
Q
Nonrenewable Mineral Resources
A
- minerals = building blocks of rocks (ex. granite = quartz, feldspar, mica) - mineral resource > fossil fuels > metallic > nonmetallic - identified resources - reserves
5
Q
Rocks and Minerals
A
- rock > igneous > sedimentary > metamorphic - ore > high-grade ore > low-grade ore -rock cycle
6
Q
Igneous Rocks (Ignite/Heat)
A
- make up most of the earth’s crust
- source of building materials and
gemstones - formed when molten rock material cools
and solidifies
> magma
-> molten rock material beneath the
earth’s surface
-> cools slowly -> forms big crystals
-> intrusive - bigger crystals in ground
> lava
-> molten rock material above the
surface
-> cools quickly -> small/no crystals
-> extrusive - small crystals outside
7
Q
Sedimentary Rocks
A
- form when sediments are deposited on the
bottom of the ocean floor - pressure from overlying layers and the
weight of the water causes sediments to
be compressed and/or compacted into
rock - may contain organic material (fossils)
- sedimentary rocks unlock clues to a
regions past… - if sedimentary rocks are common to a
region, it was probably under water at one
time - tilted sedimentary layers tell you that
there was crustal movement in the region
8
Q
Biologic/Organic Content
A
- although not all sedimentary rocks have
fossils, sedimentary rocks are the ONLY
type of rock on which fossils and other
organic matter can be found - (the extreme heat involved in both igneous
and metamorphic rock formation would
destroy any organic remains)
9
Q
Metamorphic Rocks (Transformation)
A
- produced when rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure - deep burial - convergent plate boundaries - contact metamorphism - ex. marble, slate, anthracite coal
10
Q
The Rock Cycle
A
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LbTW5z_oN0
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkGVE6wNAzo