Geology and Non renewable Mineral Resources

Question 1

The Earth’s a Dynamic Planer

Answer 1

• what is geology?
• earths internal structure
  > core
  -> inner core - solid metal
  -> outer core - molten/liquid metal
  > mantle
  -> asthenosphere - upper mantle -
  property of “plasticity”
  > crust
  -> thin outer layer
  (see diagram in packet)

Question 2

Plate Techtonics

Answer 2

- tectonic plates = irregularly shaped 
  sections of crust and upper mantle
- lithosphere - upper mantle and crust
- types of plate boundaries
  > divergent
  > convergent
  > transform fault

Question 3

External Earth Processes

Answer 3

• weathering - the breakdown of rock into
  different pieces
  > physical - (breaks down rocks into
  smaller pieces with no change in
  chemical composition. happens by frost
  action. water goes into a crack then
  water freezes into ice and expands
  which expands the crack which can
  crumble rock)
• chemical - ex. oxidation = iron + oxygen
  -> iron oxide rust
• biological - roots of trees break up rock
• erosion - wearing away and transporting of
  rock material
  > rain, flowing water, wind
  > glaciers

Question 4

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Answer 4

- minerals = building blocks of rocks (ex. 
  granite = quartz, feldspar, mica)
- mineral resource
  > fossil fuels
  > metallic
  > nonmetallic
- identified resources
- reserves

Question 5

Rocks and Minerals

Answer 5

- rock 
  > igneous
  > sedimentary 
  > metamorphic
- ore
  > high-grade ore
  > low-grade ore
-rock cycle

Question 6

Igneous Rocks (Ignite/Heat)

Answer 6

• make up most of the earth’s crust
• source of building materials and
  gemstones
• formed when molten rock material cools
  and solidifies
  > magma
  -> molten rock material beneath the
  earth’s surface
  -> cools slowly -> forms big crystals
  -> intrusive - bigger crystals in ground
  > lava
  -> molten rock material above the
  surface
  -> cools quickly -> small/no crystals
  -> extrusive - small crystals outside

Question 7

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 7

• form when sediments are deposited on the
  bottom of the ocean floor
• pressure from overlying layers and the
  weight of the water causes sediments to
  be compressed and/or compacted into
  rock
• may contain organic material (fossils)
• sedimentary rocks unlock clues to a
  regions past…
• if sedimentary rocks are common to a
  region, it was probably under water at one
  time
• tilted sedimentary layers tell you that
  there was crustal movement in the region

Question 8

Biologic/Organic Content

Answer 8

• although not all sedimentary rocks have
  fossils, sedimentary rocks are the ONLY
  type of rock on which fossils and other
  organic matter can be found
• (the extreme heat involved in both igneous
  and metamorphic rock formation would
  destroy any organic remains)

Question 9

Metamorphic Rocks (Transformation)

Answer 9

- produced when rocks are subjected to 
  intense heat and pressure
- deep burial
- convergent plate boundaries
- contact metamorphism 
- ex. marble, slate, anthracite coal

Question 10

The Rock Cycle

Answer 10

https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LbTW5z_oN0
https: //www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkGVE6wNAzo