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Geology and Mining Terms 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Naturally occurring inorganic compound having an orderly internal structure and a definite chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties
    a. Rock
    b. Ore
    c. Protore
    d. Gangue
    e. Mineral
A

E

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2
Q
  1. A production opening in a metal mine
    a. Bench
    b. Stope
    c. Slope
    d. Berm
    e. Shaft
A

B

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3
Q
  1. Ore deposits that were formed subsequently with the host rock
    a. Syngenetic
    b. Epigenetic
    c. Supergene enrichment
    d. Lode
    e. None of the above
A

B

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4
Q
  1. Percent increase in volume occupied by a given mass of solid material after it has been blasted or broken
    a. Tonnage factor
    b. Powder factor
    c. Heave
    d. Swell factor
    e. Porosity
A

D

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5
Q
  1. Freeing or detaching of large masses of harder rock from parent deposit
    a. Stripping
    b. Comminution
    c. Rock breakage
    d. Blasting
    e. Mining
A

C

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6
Q
  1. The ferruginous deposit filling the upper part of some mineral veins forming a superficial cover over masses of pyrite. It consists mainly of hydrated iron oxide and has resulted from the removal of sulfur as well as the copper or other sulfides originally present
    a. Country rock
    b. Gossan
    c. Limonite
    d. Ore shoot
    e. Saprolite
A

B

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7
Q
  1. Color of a mineral in its powdered form
    a. Streak
    b. Luster
    c. Color
    d. Cleavage
    e. Mineral habit
A

A

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8
Q
  1. The angle assumed to bisect the angle of repose of material
    a. Pit slope
    b. Angle of stand
    c. Angle of draw
    d. Grade of material
    e. Bench slope
A

C

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9
Q
  1. Lowering of strata, including the surface due to underground excavation
    a. Subsidence
    b. Rock failure
    c. Sinking
    d. Mudslide
    e. Rock collapse
A

A

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9
Q
  1. Most common mineral in the earth’s crust
    a. Feldspar
    b. Quartz
    c. Alumina
    d. Gypsum
    e. Calcite
A

B

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10
Q
  1. An opening driven downward from one level to another
    a. Chute
    b. Raise
    c. Ore pass
    d. Ramp
    e. Winze
A

E

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10
Q
  1. The horizontal movement of materials during blasting
    a. Heave
    b. Throw
    c. Horst
    d. Graben
    e. Scarp
A

B

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11
Q
  1. The term used to refer toward the working face
    a. Outby
    b. Nava
    c. Inby
    d. Level
    e. Chute
A

C

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12
Q
  1. Accumulated excreta and remains of birds and bats
    a. Dolomite
    b. Guano
    c. Laterite
    d. Compost
    e. None of these
A

E

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13
Q
  1. The horizontal component in fault movement
    a. Heave
    b. Throw
    c. Horst
    d. Graben
    e. Scarp
A

A

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14
Q
  1. Tabular shaped discordant pluton
    a. Sill
    b. Batholith
    c. Stocks
    d. Dyke
    e. Lopolith
A

D

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14
Q
  1. Concentration of naturally occurring solid, liquid, or gaseous materials in or on the earth’s crust in such a form that economic extraction of one or more commodities is currently or potentially feasible
    a. Reserve
    b. Measured resource
    c. Anomaly
    d. Mineral deposit
    e. Resource
A

E

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15
Q
  1. The operation directly involved in mineral extraction
    a. Cycle of operations
    b. Production operation
    c. Auxiliary operations
    d. Cycle time
    e. None of these
A

B

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16
Q
  1. Mineral of with the highest content of copper
    a. Chalcocite
    b. Bornite
    c. Covellite
    d. Garnierite
    e. Chalcopyrite
A

A

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17
Q
  1. The angle of inclination of a deposit, measure from the horizontal?
    a. Strike
    b. Dip
    c. Grade
    d. Slope
    e. Slickensides
A

B

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17
Q
  1. Instrument that transmits energy from the drill to the bit
    a. Rig
    b. Rod
    c. Circulation fluid
    d. Flushing medium
    e. Drill
A

B

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18
Q
  1. Inert materials used to contain the energy during blasting to ensure better fragmentation
    a. Stemming
    b. Column charge
    c. Subdrill
    d. Muckpile
    e. Waste materials
A

A

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19
Q
  1. The gaseous envelop surrounding the earth
    a. Lithosphere
    b. Biosphere
    c. Ozone
    d. Ionosphere
    e. Atmosphere
A

E

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20
Q
  1. Volcanic glass
    a. Pumice
    b. Obsidian
    c. Ozone
    d. Scoria
    e. Andesite
A

B

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21
Q
  1. Underground main opening with a single access to the surface
    a. Tunnel
    b. Drive
    c. Ramp
    d. Adit
    e. Level
A

D

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22
Q
  1. Term used to refer to the direction of extraction away from the working face and toward the entrance
    a. Inby
    b. Outby
    c. Overhand
    d. Underhand
    e. Raise
A

C

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23
Q
  1. An ore of manganese
    a. Pentlandite
    b. Pyrrhotite
    c. Pyrolusite
    d. Orpiment
    e. Garnierite
A

C

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24
Q
  1. Resistance of a mineral’s smooth surface to being scratched
    a. Tenacity
    b. Brittleness
    c. Hardness
    d. Malleability
    e. Ductility
A

C

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25
Q
  1. The top edge of a bench in an open pit mine
    a. Toe
    b. Crest
    c. Apex
    d. Outcrop
    e. Bench height
A

B

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26
Q
  1. The instrument used for recording the vibrations of the earth’s crust is
    a. Seismograph
    b. Seismogram
    c. Seismometer
    d. Focus
    e. Richter scale
A

A

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27
Q
  1. A crystal appearance resembling slender plant-like branches
    a. Dendritic
    b. Rosette
    c. Phantomed
    d. Pseudomorph
    e. Acicular
A

A

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27
Q
  1. The vertical measurement of the blasting agent in the blast hole
    a. Stemming
    b. Column charge
    c. Subdrill
    d. Explosive
    e. Primer
A

B

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28
Q
  1. Occurs between the crest and the toe of the bank
    a. Landslide
    b. Base failure
    c. Slope failure
    d. Toppling
    e. Rock failure
A

C

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29
Q
  1. A description of the way a mineral tends to break
    a. Cleavage
    b. Fracture
    c. Fault
    d. Hardness
    e. Brittleness
A

B

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30
Q
  1. A crystal that has replaced another mineral’s chemistry or structure with its own without changing the outward shape of the original mineral
    a. Dendritic
    b. Rosette
    c. Phantomed
    d. Pseudomorph
    e. Acicular
A

D

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31
Q
  1. Failure of a charge to explode when expected
    a. Hangfire
    b. Misfire
    c. Explosion
    d. Nonfire
    e. Bootleg
A

B

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32
Q
  1. A distinct pause or pre-determined time between detonation or initiation impulses, to permit the firing of explosives charges separated
    a. Delay
    b. Delay element
    c. Delay blasting
    d. Delay detonator
    e. None of these
A

A

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33
Q
  1. A smooth blasting method in which cracks for the final contour are created by blasting prior to the drilling of the rest of the holes for the blast pattern
    a. Perimeter blasting
    b. Pre-splitting
    c. Secondary blasting
    d. Smooth blasting
    e. All of these
A

B

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33
Q
  1. Chief ore of lead
    a. Galena
    b. Cinnabar
    c. Magnetite
    d. Pyrolusite
    e. Realgar
A

A

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34
Q
  1. A downthrown block bounded by parallel normal faults is termed as
    a. Horst
    b. Graben
    c. Overthrust
    d. Syncline
    e. Anticline
A

B

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35
Q
  1. Describes the manner in which light is reflected from the surface of a mineral
    a. Calcite
    b. Gypsum
    c. Shiny
    d. Metallic
    e. Color
A

B

35
Q
  1. Selenite is a crystalline variety of the mineral
    a. Calcite
    b. Gypsum
    c. Anhydrite
    d. Aragonite
    e. Cuprite
A

B

35
Q
  1. Which of the following minerals is non-magnetic
    a. Magnetite
    b. Pyrrhotite
    c. Maghemite
    d. Sphalerite
    e. None of these
A

D

35
Q
  1. Pseudomorphism may take place through any of the following processes except for
    a. Substitution
    b. Alteration
    c. Encrustation
    d. Deformation
    e. All of these
A

D

36
Q
  1. The wall or rock under the vein
    a. Host rock
    b. Country rock
    c. Footwall
    d. Hanging wall
    e. None of these
A

C

37
Q
  1. The physical weight ratio of blasting agent to the material blasted
    a. Swell factor
    b. Tonnage factor
    c. Powder factor
    d. Material density
    e. Porosity
A

C

37
Q
  1. Portion of the deposit overlying an excavation and left in place as a pillar
    a. Sill pillar
    b. Crown pillar
    c. Pillar
    d. Muck pile
    e. None of these
A

B

38
Q
  1. When a mineral can be readily crushed into fine powder, it is said to be
    a. Malleable
    b. Ductile
    c. Brittle
    d. Sectile
    e. Strong
A

C

38
Q
  1. A central vent or close group of conduits wherein heated rock materials emerges from the interior of the earth
    a. Caldera
    b. Lagoon
    c. Volcano
    d. Fault
    e. Fissure
A

C

39
Q
  1. The minimum economic tenor of ore
    a. Grade
    b. Blending grade
    c. Cut-off grade
    d. Mill grade
    e. Mine grade
A

C

40
Q
  1. The vertical distance drilled below bench floor
    a. Footwall
    b. Berm
    c. Toe
    d. Stemming
    e. Sub-grade
A

E

40
Q
  1. The horizontal distance between the bench toes and crest at the same time
    a. Bench face
    b. Berm
    c. Bench height
    d. Berm width
    e. Slope
A

D

40
Q
  1. Along which the hanging wall move up relative to the footwall
    a. Thrust fault
    b. Normal fault
    c. En’echelon fault
    d. Dextral
    e. Sinistral
A

A

41
Q
  1. Which of the following minerals effervesces in cold, dilute HCl?
    a. Anhydrite
    b. Calcite
    c. Quartz
    d. Gypsum
    e. All of these
A

B

42
Q
  1. Explosion is by deflagration
    a. Subsonic explosives
    b. Supersonic explosives
    c. Permissible explosives
    d. ANFO
    e. All of these
A

B

42
Q
  1. What is the coarse-grained equivalent of the igneous rock andesite
    a. Gabbro
    b. Gneiss
    c. Granite
    d. Basalt
    e. Diorite
A

E

43
Q
  1. The horizontal rock shelf in open pit mining
    a. Berm
    b. Bench
    c. Crest
    d. Toe
    e. Slope
A

B

44
Q
  1. The following are ores of copper except
    a. Cuprite
    b. Bornite
    c. Covellite
    d. Pyrrhotite
    e. Chalcocite
A

D

45
Q
  1. Used to retard or contain falling boulders or rocks in open pit mining
    a. Berm width
    b. Bench face
    c. Bench
    d. Berm
    e. Free face
A

D

46
Q
  1. An open or surface working usually for the extraction of slate, limestone, etc.
    a. Open cast
    b. Aditing
    c. Open pit
    d. Quarry
    e. Placer mine
A

D

46
Q
  1. Also known as right lateral-strike slip fault
    a. Dextral
    b. Sinistral
    c. Horst
    d. Graben
    e. Phyllite
A

A

47
Q
  1. Measure of inclination of a ram or road system in an open pit mine
    a. Slope
    b. Gradient
    c. Ramp
    d. Haulage road
    e. All of these
A

B

48
Q
  1. A surface of erosion or non-deposition that separates younger strata from the older rocks
    a. Unconformity
    b. Fault
    c. Paragenesis
    d. Angular unconformity
    e. Disconformity
A

A

48
Q
  1. The volume of overburden to the weight of ore in an entire mineable ore body
    a. Tonnage factor
    b. Stripping ratio
    c. Optimum pit limit
    d. Cut-off grade
    e. None of these
A

B

49
Q
  1. Blasting method used in narrow veins to minimize dilution
    a. Secondary blasting
    b. Perimeter blasting
    c. Mud capping
    d. Pre-splitting
A

C

49
Q
  1. The following are minerals except for
    a. Diamond
    b. Sapphire
    c. Ruby
    d. Aragonite
    e. Pearl
A

E

49
Q
  1. An exhaust ventilation lateral
    a. Bleeder
    b. Door
    c. Brattices
    d. Ducts
    e. None of these
A

A

50
Q
  1. Volcanic texture showing fine-grained crystals or grains
    a. Phaneritic
    b. Aphanitic
    c. Porphyritic
    d. Pegmatitic
    e. Pisolitic
A

B

51
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a sulfide mineral
    a. Covellite
    b. Cinnabar
    c. Galena
    d. Azurite
    e. Chalcopyrite
A

D

52
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a carbonate mineral
    a. Malachite
    b. Barite
    c. Calcite
    d. Crocoite
    e. Azurite
A

B/D

53
Q
  1. The process of injecting grout into crevices of rock, usually through a borehole drilled into the rock
    a. Shotcreting
    b. Boreholing
    c. Guniting
    d. Grouting
    e. Cementing
A

D

54
Q
  1. Example of mechanical accumulation of rock fragments
    a. Coal
    b. Limestone
    c. Conglomerates
    d. Evaporites
    e. All of these
A

C

54
Q
  1. Three unequal and mutually perpendicular axes
    a. Orthorhombic
    b. Triclinic
    c. Monoclinic
    d. Tetragonal
    e. Isometric
A

C

55
Q
  1. Pressure that gives the explosives its shattering action
    a. Borehole pressure
    b. Detonation pressure
    c. Deflagration pressure
    d. Stemming
A

B

55
Q
  1. One-fold axis of symmetry and having the three axes whose lengths and angles of intersection are different
    a. Orthorhombic
    b. Triclinic
    c. Monoclinic
    d. Tetragonal
    e. Isometric
A

B

56
Q
  1. Term used if the extraction is performed previously in mine dumps, tailings, or slag piles
    a. Hydraulicking
    b. Vat leaching
    c. Heap leaching
    d. Sluicing
    e. Tabling
A

C

57
Q
  1. Also known as right lateral-strike slip fault
    a. Dextral
    b. Sinistral
    c. Horst
    d. Graben
    e. Phyllite
A

A

57
Q
  1. A mixture of both light colored and dark colored minerals. Dark minerals comprise about 15% to 45% of these rocks
    a. Mafic
    b. Ultramafic
    c. Felsic
    d. Intermediate
    e. Granite
A

D

57
Q
  1. Method which uses high pressure stream of water directed against a bank undercut and cave
    a. Hydraulicking
    b. Vat leaching
    c. Heap leaching
    d. Sluicing
    e. Tabling
A

A

57
Q
  1. Rock that is thrown at an excessive distance from the blast
    a. Flyrock
    b. Blasted rock
    c. Heave
    d. Throw
    e. All of these
A

A

58
Q
  1. Explosion is by detonation
    a. Subsonic explosives
    b. Supersonic explosives
    c. Permissible explosives
    d. ANFO
    e. All of these
A

B

59
Q
  1. Term used to refer toward the entrance
    a. Outby
    b. Nava
    c. Inby
    d. Level
    e. Chute
A

A

60
Q
  1. Branch of geology that deals with form, arrangement, and internal structure of the rock especially with the description, representation, and analysis of structure chiefly on and moderate to small scale
    a. Engineering geology
    b. Descriptive geology
    c. Structural geology
    d. Mine geology
A

C

60
Q
  1. Igneous texture showing large crystals or grains
    a. Phaneritic
    b. Aphanitic
    c. Porphyritic
    d. Pegmatitic
    e. Pisolitic
A

D

61
Q
  1. It is a breccia that maintained its coherence during the deformation
    a. Slickenside
    b. Riffle marks
    c. Mylonite
    d. Drag
A

C

62
Q
  1. It is directly above the focus
    a. Hypocenter
    b. Earthquake
    c. Epicenter
    d. P-wave
A

C

63
Q
  1. The true source of earthquake
    a. Epicenter
    b. Focus
    c. Hypocenter
    d. S-wave
A

B/C

64
Q
  1. It is the series of mafic to ultramafic rocks
    a. Paragenesis
    b. Zoning
    c. Ophiolite
    d. Sulfides
A

C

65
Q
  1. Introduction of water into a mineral
    a. Porosity
    b. Voids
    c. Hydrology
    d. Weathering
A

C

66
Q
  1. The amount of energy released by an earthquake
    a. Strain energy
    b. Magnitude
    c. Intensity
    d. Strain
A

B

66
Q
  1. The hardness of a mineral that can be scratched by glass
    a. Greater than 7.0
    b. Between 7.5 and 8
    c. 6.5 or greater
    d. 5.5 or less
A

D

67
Q
  1. The identification of minerals and the study of their properties, origin, and classification
    a. Crystallography
    b. Mineralogy
    c. Earth science
    d. Fracturing
A

B

67
Q
  1. Chemical formula for calaverite
    a. FeCO3
    b. Cu3AsS4
    c. AuTe2
    d. Ag3SbS2
A

C

68
Q
  1. The resistance that a mineral to raking, to crushing, bending, or tearing or its cohesiveness
    a. Cleavage
    b. Parting
    c. Hardness
    d. Tenacity
A

D

68
Q
  1. These are volcano-exhalative type of deposits wherein chalcopyrite is dominantly found in silicate rocks
    a. Keiko
    b. Oko
    c. Besshi
    d. Cyprus
A

A

69
Q
  1. It is discordant igneous intrusion having a surface exposure of less than 40 sq. miles
    a. Dike
    b. Sill
    c. Batholiths
    d. Stock
A

D

70
Q
  1. In copper sulfide deposits, these are called black ores wherein sphalerite, galena, barite, and chalcopyrite are found
    a. Kuroko
    b. Oko
    c. Keiko
    d. Cyprus
A

A

71
Q
  1. The rising of the floor of the mine caused by its being too soft to resist the weight on the pillar
    a. Roof
    b. Floor
    c. Heave
    d. Crown
A

C

72
Q
  1. The line defining the area in which open pit operation may be conducted to obtain maximum amount of ore material and minimum amount of waste material
    a. Optimum pit limit
    b. Bench slope
    c. Working slope
    d. Gradient
A

A

73
Q
  1. A small tunnel driven horizontally into the rock at right angles to the face. It has two or more crosscuts driven from it parallel to the face
    a. Crosscut
    b. Drift
    c. Coyote dog-hole
    d. Slope
A

C

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