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A Level Physical Geography > Geology And Lithology On Drylands > Flashcards

Geology And Lithology On Drylands Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main factor that determines the distribution of drylands?

A

Geology and lithology

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2
Q

True or False: Geology and lithology have no impact on the formation of drylands.

A

False

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3
Q

How does geology influence the water availability in drylands?

A

By controlling water infiltration and storage

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4
Q

What role does lithology play in determining the vegetation types in drylands?

A

It affects nutrient availability and soil structure

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ of rocks in drylands can influence erosion rates.

A

hardness

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6
Q

What type of rocks are more resistant to weathering and erosion in drylands?

A

Igneous rocks

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7
Q

How does the mineral composition of rocks influence soil fertility in drylands?

A

By providing essential nutrients for plant growth

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8
Q

True or False: Sedimentary rocks are generally more porous than igneous rocks in drylands.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the significance of soil parent material in dryland ecosystems?

A

It influences soil properties and fertility

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10
Q

How does the presence of clay minerals in soil affect water retention in drylands?

A

It increases water holding capacity

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ of soil parent material can affect plant growth in drylands.

A

texture

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12
Q

What is the relationship between soil depth and lithology in drylands?

A

Deeper soils are often associated with softer lithologies

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13
Q

True or False: The presence of carbonate rocks can lead to alkaline soils in drylands.

A

True

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14
Q

How does the texture of soil parent material impact the water infiltration rate in drylands?

A

Fine-textured soils have slower infiltration rates

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15
Q

What impact can the presence of gypsum in soil have on plant growth in drylands?

A

It can limit root growth and nutrient uptake

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ of soil parent material affects the soil’s ability to retain nutrients in drylands.

A

composition

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17
Q

What is the role of geology and lithology in determining the erosion susceptibility of drylands?

A

They can influence erosion rates and soil stability

18
Q

True or False: Soil formation processes are not influenced by the underlying geology in drylands.

A

False

19
Q

How does the presence of iron oxides in soil affect its color and drainage characteristics in drylands?

A

It gives soil a red color and can lead to poor drainage

20
Q

What is the impact of the presence of volcanic ash in soil on nutrient availability in drylands?

A

It can enhance nutrient availability for plant growth

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ of rocks in drylands can affect the pH of the soil.

A

mineralogy

22
Q

What are some common geological processes that shape dryland landscapes?

A

Erosion, weathering, and sedimentation

23
Q

True or False: The type of rock underlying a dryland area has no impact on its vegetation.

A

False

24
Q

How does the presence of sandstone in dryland soil affect water retention and drainage?

A

It has low water retention but good drainage

25
Q

What is the significance of the mineral composition of sandstones in drylands?

A

It can influence nutrient availability and soil structure

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ of rocks in drylands can affect the formation of water catchments.

A

porosity

27
Q

What is the impact of the presence of mica in soil on its water retention capacity in drylands?

A

It can increase water retention due to its flaky structure

28
Q

How does the presence of quartz in soil contribute to soil stability in drylands?

A

It provides mechanical strength and stability

29
Q

True or False: The mineral composition of rocks has no influence on the erosion resistance of dryland soils.

A

False

30
Q

Rock Lithology is…

A

The physical and chemical composition of rocks

31
Q

Jointing is..

A

Cracks, usually vertical, in rock caused by shrinkage (high diurnal range (mechanical weathering)) or release of pressure as rocks above are eroded away.

32
Q

Bedding is…

A

Layering formed in sedimentary rocks (limestone, chalk etc.) as the rate of sediment deposition has varied and continues to vary. Layer boundaries are called bedding planes.

33
Q

Folding is….

A

Bending of rock layers caused by the compression of rocks, usually at constructive plate boundaries when mountain-building occurs as tectonic plates collide.

34
Q

Faulting is…..

A

Deep cracks caused by movement of rocks during earthquakes. Different rock types are often seen on each side of a fault.

35
Q

True or False: Lithology, not structure determines the porosity or permeability of rocks.

A

False.

36
Q

True or False: Poorly cemented silt and clay rocks which are highly impermeable create rapid run-off.

A

True.

37
Q

True or False: Rocks with high levels of porosity and permeability create drought at the surface (aquifers may be numerous.)

A

True.

38
Q

True or False: Both Lithology and structure are the primary controls on water transfer in drainage basins.

A

True.

39
Q

True or False: The greater number of joints within a rock the less permeable it will be.

A

False.

40
Q

True or False: The greater number of joints within a rock the less permeable it will be.

A

True.

A Level Physical Geography (8 decks)

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