Geology And Coast Flashcards
Types of rock
Igneous rock-cooled magma such as granite and found in upland areas
Metamorphic rock- made due to lots of pressure such as clay and is found in Scotland
Sedimentary rock- found everywhere which is made from broken rocks
Glaciation
10,000 years ago, ice glaciers slid down hills and mountains forming v-shaped valleys
Chemical weathering
Rocks react with rain water and carbon dioxide
Physical weathering
Ice forms inside rock cracks which eventually split the rock open
Biological weathering
Plants or animals were the rocks away, for example tree roots breaking through the rock
Destructive waves
- weak swash
- strong backwash
- tall waves
- erodes sand from the beach
Constructive waves
- strong swash
- weak backwash
- short waves
- less frequent waves
- deposit sand
Wave creation
Waves are created by wind blowing over the seas surface
Headland and bays
Headland- hard coastal rock resists erosion and erodes less sticking out to sea
Bay- soft coastal rock erodes away backwards forming bays
Disconcordant and concordant coastlines
Disconcordant- coastline is perpendicular to the coast
Concordant- parallel to the coast
Factors effecting wave size
- wind speed
- ocean depth
- distance the wind blows
Long shore drift
The direction of sand moving up the beach which can form things like spits and eventually lagoons and salt marshes
4 types of erosion
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Solution
Attrition
Coastal protection
Groynes
Sea walls
Riprap
Beach replenishment
Gabions
Sea walls
Long walls which block the water reaching the cliff
