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Science Exam Revision > Geology > Flashcards

Geology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are sediments transported by?

A

Water, wind and ice

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2
Q

Where are sediments deposited?

A

Rivers, lakes and sea floors

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3
Q

What do sédiments go through before forming sedimentary rock?

A

Compaction and cementation

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4
Q

What are metamorphic rocks created by?

A

The application of extreme heat or pressure

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5
Q

What is contact metamorphism caused by?

A

Extreme heat

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6
Q

What is regional metamorphism caused by?

A

Extreme pressure

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7
Q

What produces intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

A

Magma from volcanoes

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8
Q

How are extrusive igneous rocks formed?

A

When magma cools very quickly once it reaches the earths surface and no crystals are formed in the rock

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9
Q

What is an example of extrusive igneous rock?

A

Basalt

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10
Q

How are intrusive igneous rocks formed?

A

When magma cools deeply and slowly into the Earths surface, forming many crystals

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11
Q

What is an example of intrusive igneous rock?

A

Granite

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12
Q

Why are diamonds extremely hard and rigid?

A

Because each carbon atoms is joined to four other atoms giving diamonds a rating of 10 on the Mohs Hardness Scale

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13
Q

How does graphite turn into a diamond?

A

When it is faced with extreme heat and pressure in the Earth’s crust

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14
Q

What are rocks made of?

A

Minerals

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15
Q

What are the five criteria for a mineral?

A

Solid, inorganic, naturally occurring, fixed chemical formula, atoms in an orderly structure

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16
Q

What are the seven principles of stratigraphy?

A

Uniformitarianism, original horizontality, superposition, faunal succession, inclusion and components, cross-cutting relationships and intrusive relationships

17
Q

What does original horizontality state?

A

That sedimentary rocks are originally layered horizontally

18
Q

What does superposition state?

A

That layers further down into the rock strata are older than rocks further up

19
Q

What does inclusion and components state?

A

That inclusions of rock are older than the rock they are in

20
Q

What does intrusive relationships state?

A

That intrusion is younger than sedimentary rock

21
Q

What does cross-cutting relationships state?

A

That if a rock cuts another rock must be younger than the rock it is cutting

22
Q

What is uniformitarianism state?

A

That the same natural laws and processes that apply now have always operated in the universe

23
Q

What does faunal succession state?

A

That fossils occur in a definite, unchanging sequence in the geologic record

Science Exam Revision (4 decks)

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