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Science Exam Revision > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

A substance that occupies physical space and consists of various types of particles, each with mass and size

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2
Q

What states can matter be found in?

A

Solids, liquids and gases

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3
Q

What does the Law of Conservation of Matter state?

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed, can change forms but is conserved and the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants

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4
Q

What does the Particle Model state?

A

That all matter is made up of particles which behave in different ways

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5
Q

What are the particles like in solids?

A

Strong forces hold the particles together so they stay in fixed positions

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6
Q

What are the particles in liquids like?

A

There are attractive forces between the particles, but they can easily break and reform so that the particles can slide past each other

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7
Q

What are the particles like in gases?

A

There are barely any attractive forces between the particles, which are free to move in any direction

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8
Q

What is the change from solid to liquid called?

A

Melting, addition of heat

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9
Q

What is the change from a liquid to gas called?

A

Evaporation, addition of heat

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10
Q

What is the change from a gas to a liquid called?

A

Condensation, removal of heat

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11
Q

What is the change from a liquid to solid called?

A

Freezing, removal of heat

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12
Q

What is the change from a solid to gas called?

A

Sublimation, addition of heat

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13
Q

What affects the rate of a reaction?

A

Temperature, surface area, concentration and pressure

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14
Q

What is an atom made up of?

A

Three subatomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons

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15
Q

What does the nucleus of the atom contain?

A

The positively charged protons and no charge neutrons

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16
Q

What does the outermost region of the atom contain?

A

The negatively charged electrons

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17
Q

What did the Ernst Rutherford experiment prove?

A

That every atom contains a nucleus where all its positive charge and mass are concentrated

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18
Q

How is the periodic table ordered?

A

By atomic number, from top to bottom and left to right

19
Q

Where are most non-metals found in the periodic table?

A

The top right hand corner

20
Q

What state of matter are metals usually found as?

A

Solids, apart from Mercury which is a liquid

21
Q

What are typical features of a metal?

A

Shiny, glossy, conduct electricity, can be flattened into sheets and can be stretched into threads or wires

22
Q

What are typical features of non-metals?

A

Dull, brittle, easily broken, don’t conduct electricity

23
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element but different mass numbers which are often unstable and break down into other atoms

24
Q

How are isotopes identified?

A

Example: Carbon-12 or Carbon-14

25
Q

What does an element consist of?

A

Only one type of atom and it cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter

26
Q

What does a compound consist of?

A

Atoms of two or more elements bonded together and can be broken down into a simpler type of matter by chemical means

27
Q

What does a mixture consist of?

A

Two or more elements or compounds physically intermingled and can be separated into components by physical means

28
Q

Are compounds and mixtures pure substances?

A

Compounds are but mixtures are not

29
Q

How is a chemical equation balanced?

A

By placing coefficients in front of chemical formulas

30
Q

What are molecules?

A

Small groups of atoms held together by chemical bonds

31
Q

What are lattices?

A

A large number of atoms held closely together in continuous frameworks

32
Q

What is a physical change?

A

When matter changes shape, size, state of matter, is broken down, compresses or expands, mixes with other matter

33
Q

What are some examples of physical change?

A

Tearing paper, melting ice cream

34
Q

What happens during a physical change?

A

The types of particles do not change and the change can usually be easily reversed

35
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

Colour or temperature change, formation or disappearance of a solid, production of a new gas

36
Q

What happens during chemical change?

A

Some substances at the beginning of the change are not there at the end, new substances have different properties and the change cannot usually be easily reversed

37
Q

What is an example of chemical change?

A

Thermal decomposition

38
Q

What is precipitation?

A

The creation of a solid from a solution

39
Q

What are reactants?

A

Substances that start a chemical reaction?

40
Q

What are products?

A

Substances that are produced in a chemical reaction

41
Q

What do word equations represent?

A

A chemical reaction by using the names of the chemicals involved

42
Q

How are word equations written?

A

Reactants- Products

Eg: Water- Hydrogen Gas+ Oxygen Gas

43
Q

What does a structural equation show?

A

The spatial structure of molecules using ball and stick models

Science Exam Revision (4 decks)

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