Geology Flashcards
Igneous
Rocks that have been created by Magma or Lava.
Magma
A substance that has never been on the surface and stays underground.
Lava
Magma that has reached the surface via a volcano.
Intrusive
Magma that has turned into rock and is underground
Extrusive
Lava that has formed into rocks.
Minerals
A substance that is used to create rocks or a natural solid substance with a definite chemical compound
Lithosphere
The first layer of the Earth that is usually composed of Aluminum, magnesium and many others.
Asthenosphere
The second layer of Earth comprised of mostly molten rocks
Crystal
A Shaped substance that is made from atom and molecules to form into several shapes.
Sedimentary Rocks
Rocks that come together in layers that are under pressure.
Erosion
TIring and removing rock and soil via wind, water and other natural elements.
floodplains
Open flat land near rivers where the sedimentary rock was dropped off from floods.
Glaciers
Large bodies of ice that bends down to push boulders, gravel, etc.
Moraine
The leftovers from the movement of Glaciers.
Sandstone
A sedimentary rock that has sand and other salts.
Mudstone
A sedimentary rock that has no layering.
Shale
A sedimentary rock made of hardened clay.
Siltstone
A sedimentary rock that has similar particle width of sandstone or mudstone.
Conglomerate
A sedimentary rock comprised of large particles.
Limestone
A sedimentary rock consisting of dead sea organisms.
Coal
A sedimentary rock composed of dead plants and animals often used as a power source.
Rock salt
A sedimentary rock made of salt from dried up lakes.
Mineral ores
rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them
Mining
extraction of natural resources from the Earth
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment
Rehabilitated
restored to its previous condition
Overburden
waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.
underground mining
mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land
underground mining
mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface
Stone age
A period where humans used rocks for tools and survival.
Alloy
a metal made by combining two or more metallic elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.
Flint
a hard grey rock consisting of nearly pure silica (chert), occurring chiefly as nodules in chalk.
Percussion flaking
the shaping of a stone implement by striking or chipping off flakes with another stone or a piece of wood, bone, or antler
Fossil
any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past
palaeontologists
a scientist who studies fossils
relative age
the age of a rock compared with the age of another rock
carnivores
animals that eats other animals
scavengers
animals that eat dead plant and animal material
mould
the cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods
trace fossils
fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed
extinct
describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of the future eruption.
Folding
the buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.
