Geology Flashcards

1
Q

Due to geology, there as in increase in understanding of natural mechanisms, resulting in a decrease in…

A

God-of-the-Gaps.

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2
Q

Due to geology, there is a decrease in the idea of cosmological ___ and increase in the idea of cosmological ___.

A

Interventionism, providentialism.

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3
Q

How did geological discoveries affect the Biblical flood account?

A
  • Decrease in scientific concordism.
  • Decrease in the interpretation that the flood was worldwide, and increase in the interpretation that the flood was local.
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4
Q

What is the idea behind the patterns and process in science?

A

Patterns is discovered first, and the process is discovered second. Patterns is observing while process is understanding mechanisms.

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5
Q

“It can be shown clearly in many other ways that a ___ ___ came upon the earth, by which those people are persuaded who believe with difficulty that these things were explained by Moses [the traditional author of the Book of Genesis]. For even today in the mountains that are lofty and difficult to climb, ___ remains are found; this is, shells and fragments of tortoise shells and other such things, which even ourselves have seen.” -David A. Young

A

Universal flood, marine.

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6
Q

“It can be shown clearly in many other ways that a ___ ___ came upon the earth, by which those people are persuaded who believe with difficulty that these things were explained by Moses [the traditional author of the Book of Genesis]. For even today in the mountains that are lofty and difficult to climb, ___ remains are found; this is, shells and fragments of tortoise shells and other such things, which even ourselves have seen.” -David A. Young

A

Universal flood, marine.

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7
Q

Who is the most important theologian in church history, and is called “The theologian” by roman catholics?

A

St. Augustine.

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8
Q

“A question arises how wold animals, propagated by ordinary mating, like wolves and the rest, can be found on the islands far at sea, unless those which were destroyed by the Flood were replaced by others descended from the animals, male and female, which were saved in the ark. (There is no problem in regard to domestic animals or to those which, like frogs, spring directly from the ___).” -St. Augustine

A

Soil.

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9
Q

“Another possibility is that, by the command or permission of God and with the help of ___, the animals could have been transferred to the islands.” -St. Augustine

A

Angels.

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10
Q

“The result of their new learning turned up in numerous global deluge theories published during the late 17th (1600s) and early a8th (1700s) centuries. During this period, the ___ ___ ___ ___ of mainstream theoretical earth science in Europe.” -Young

A

Flood was at the center.

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11
Q

“By the beginning of the 19th century, the interpretation of geological strata had changed radically. Virtually ___ ___ ___ thought that the thick sequences of stratified sedimentary rocks so evident in quarries, cliffs, and mountains had anything to do with the flood.” -Young

A

No established geologist.

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12
Q

What is the famous book written by Charles Lyell between 1830 and 1833?

A

“Principles of Geology”

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13
Q

Who write “Principles of Geology?”

A

Charles Lyell.

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14
Q

Who is considered to be the father of modern geology?

A

Charles Lyell.

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15
Q

Who was greatly influenced by Lyell’s book, the “Principles of Geology?”

A

Darwin.

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16
Q

What principle was explored in Lyell’s book, the “Principles of Geology?” (Hint: it was recycled from Hutton)

A

Principle of Actualism.

17
Q

The Principle of Actualism includes the Principle of Uniformitarianism, which is…

A

The understanding that the history of the earth is understood using the same forces and same intensities.

18
Q

How did Lyell identify himself?

A

As a deist and an anti-evolutionist.

19
Q

Describe the 3 eras in the basic geological column we have today and established by 1850.

A

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.

20
Q

What is the Gap Theory?

A

Geological time is put in “gap” between Gensis 1:1 and Genesis 1:3. There is initial creation, deterioration, then second creation.

21
Q

Gap Theory holds that the flood is local/global.

A

Global.

22
Q

What is the Day-Age Theory?

A

A belief that the days of Genesis 1 are geological periods.

23
Q

How do people that believe in Day-Age Theory support their arguments?

A
  • There is general sequential agreement as life from more simple to more complex is found in both Genesis 1 and the fossil record.
24
Q

Day-Age Theory holds that the flood is local/global.

A

Local.

25
Q

Where was the local flood in the Day-Age Theory?

A

The Mesopotamian Plain.

26
Q

What kind of divine intervention do Day-Age Theorists believe in?

A

Intermittent.

27
Q

Why do Day-Age Theorists believe in intermittent divine intervention?

A

There is a lack of transitory fossil discoveries.

28
Q

“Some people begin with the premise that God reveals himself in both [1] his creation and [2] his inspired Word and conclude that there cannot be any contradiction between the two. Where extra-biblical knowledge appears to undercut a previously held interpretation of Scripture) e.g. when astronomical observations began to undercut the belief that the Bible taught and that the sun circled the earth, rather than the other way around), such individuals make an effort to reevaluate both the extra-biblical knowledge and the interpretation of Scripture to determine which needs to be adjusted. There is no question that this option is unsettling, but in the hands of sacrificed believers, it can point the way to an ___ understanding of the Bible.” -Young

A

Improved.

29
Q

“Some people begin with the premise that God reveals himself in both [1] his creation and [2] his inspired Word and conclude that there cannot be any contradiction between the two. Where extra-biblical knowledge appears to undercut a previously held interpretation of Scripture) e.g. when astronomical observations began to undercut the belief that the Bible taught and that the sun circled the earth, rather than the other way around), such individuals make an effort to reevaluate both the extra-biblical knowledge and the interpretation of Scripture to determine which needs to be adjusted. There is no question that this option is unsettling, but in the hands of sacrificed believers, it can point the way to an ___ understanding of the Bible.” -Young

A

Improved.

30
Q

1500 is an important date in history, as it affected 3 things: divine action, scientific and historical concordism, and hermeneutical competence. What was the effect on the 3?

A
  • Divine action decreased around 1500.
  • Scientific and historical concordism decreased around 1500.
  • Hermeneutical competence increased around 1500.
31
Q

1500 is an important date in history, as it affected 3 things: divine action, scientific and historical concordism, and hermeneutical competence. What was the effect on the 3?

A
  • Divine action decreased around 1500.
  • Scientific and historical concordism decreased around 1500.
  • Hermeneutical competence increased around 1500.
32
Q

What was the date of the YEC flood?

A

2344 BC/E

33
Q

What are the 6 stages of the Origin of Biblical Flood Account, according to the Re-Cycle and Re-Interpret Theory?

A
  1. Real destructive floods.
  2. Ancient historiography.
  3. Israel appears late in the ANE and inherits flood motif.
  4. Israel recycles and reinterprets flood motif.
  5. Israel becomes literate and writes down at least 2 flood accounts- Jahwist and Priestly.
34
Q

What are the 6 stages of the Origin of Biblical Flood Account, according to the Re-Cycle and Re-Interpret Theory?

A
  1. Real destructive floods.
  2. Ancient historiography.
  3. Israel appears late in the ANE and inherits flood motif.
  4. Israel recycles and reinterprets flood motif.
  5. Israel becomes literate and writes down at least 2 flood accounts- Jahwist and Priestly.
  6. J & P accounts are edited together by redactor to form Gen 6-9.
35
Q

What is Source Theory?

A

A theory concerning the origin of flood accounts, that believes in J, P, and R. It is more complicated that juxtaposing two accounts– J and P verses are intertwined.

36
Q

What is firmament?

A

A solid structure over the earth accepted in astronomy in the 1600’s, and was believed by Galileo.