GEOLOGY Flashcards
what are the parts of earth
atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere
what are the composition of the atmosphere of the earth
78% Nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% other gases
layers of atmosphere
troposphere
stratosphere - ozone layer
mesosphere
thermosphere/ionosphere
study of water on and within earth
hydrology
study of earth
geology
temperature at which condensation of water occur
dew point
water falls to the surface of the earth
percipitation
liquid part of the earth
hydrosphere
gas part of the earth
atmosphere
how many percent does earth covered by water
75%
appearance of unusually warm air water in the pacific ocean
el nino
unusually cold temperature in the ocean waters
la nina
solid part of the earth
lithosphere
pertains to all movements of the lithosphere
diastrophism
the crumpling of earth’s crust due to compressions
folding
the crackling of earth’s crust due to tensions
faulting
proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915; the pangea (supercontinent) broke into 7 continents
continental drift theory
proposed that the lithosphere is divided into 6 major plates
plate tectonic theory
study of volcano and other related phenomena
volcanology
what are the parts of volcano
crater - mouth
vent - opening that leads to magma chamber
magma chamber - where magma accumulates
what do you call the mouth of volcano
crater
what do you call the part of volcano that serve as opening that leads to magma chamber
vent
hat do you call the part of volcano where magma accumulates
magma chamber
types of volcano
active - erupts occasionally
dormant - erupts that enters a period of inactivity
extinct - inactive for a long period of time
volcano that erupts ocassionaly
active
volcano that erupts then enter a period of inactivity
dormant
volcano that shown inactivity for a long period of time
extinct
narrow chain of volcanoes at the boundaries of pacific ocean
pacific ring of fire
a magma that reaches earth
lava
study of earthquakes
seismology
the place where earthquakes begin
focus
the point on earth’s surface directly above the focus
epicenter
movement of tectonic plates
tectonic
movement of molten magma within earth
volcanic
a large mass of water displaced by earthquakes
tidal wave
used to detect and record earthquakes
seismograph
measured in terms of its effects on man; ROSSI FORREL INTENSITY SCALE
intensity
scaled measured the energy released by earthquakes: Richter Magnitude Scale
magnitude
what are the different kinds of rocks
igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
rocks that are formed by the cooling and hardening of molten materials called magma
igneous rocks
rocks that are deposited at the bottom of rivers, lakes & ocean e.g. limestone
sedimentary rocks
the hardest kinds of rocks produced by the hardening of igneous & sedimentary rocks e.g. marble, ignite
metamorphic rocks
a naturally formed solid elements or compounds having crystalline structure
minerals
science that deals with the identification & classification of compounds
mineralogy
resistance of mineral to being scratched
hardness
what is the softest rocks according to Moh’s scale
talc
what is the hardest rocks according to Moh’s scale
diamond
the process of breaking down rocks into smaller particles to become soil
weathering
what are the mechanical or physical disintegration of rocks
-frost wedging
-thermal expansion and contraction
-mechanical exfoliation
what weathering when water expands when it freezes
frost wedging
heating & cooling of rocks
thermal expansion and contraction
results of the expansion of rocks as they break apart in layers parallel to the earth’s surface
mechanical exfoliation
disintegration of rocks by chemical agents
oxidation
transportation of rock masses from one place to another
erosion
